Ko ngā pūtau photovoltaic (PV) he mea hanga i ngā rauemi semiconductor pēnei i te silicon, ā, he pai, he kino hoki ō rātou irahiko. Ina pāngia e te rā, ka puta te pānga photovoltaic, ka huri tonu te pūngao mārama ki te pūngao hiko i roto i te āhua o te au tika (DC). Ka taea te penapena i tēnei hiko ki roto i ngā pākahiko, ka huri rānei ki te au rerekē (AC) mā te inverter hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao rerekē. He maha ngā wā ka honoa ngā pūtau PV i roto i te raupapa, i te whakarara rānei hei hanga i ngā kōwae, ka huihuia hei rarangi mō ngā putanga pūngao nui ake.
1. Ngā Pūtau Papa Whakamuri Konumohe (BSF)
Hanganga me te Mātāpono
Ko ngā pūtau BSF he momo pūtau rā noa e whakamahi ana i te paninga konumohe hei hiko o muri. Ka hangaia he papa hiko o muri e āwhina ana ki te pana i ngā irahiko ki te hiko o muri, ka whakarei ake i te pai o te hurihanga pūngao. Ko te tukanga whakaputa ko te tāpiri i te whākawa ki te mata silicon hei hanga i tētahi rohe momo-N, te paninga i tētahi kiriata, paninga rānei hei hanga i tētahi rohe momo-P ki mua, me te hanga hononga pn. Hei whakamutunga, ka tāpirihia ngā whatunga whakarewa hei kohi i te iahiko.
Hītori Whakawhanaketanga
I te tau 1973 i whakaarohia tuatahitia ai ngā pūtau BSF, koia te hanganga pūtau silicon tioata tuatahi i hokohokohia. Nō te tau 2016, neke atu i te 90% o te wahanga mākete i riro i a rātou.
Ngā Painga
He mea rongonui ngā pūtau BSF mō tō rātou māmā noa iho, te whai hua o te utu, me te hangarau pakari hoki.
2. Ngā Pūtau PERC
Te Whakaingoa i te Takenga
Ko te PERC he whakarāpopototanga mō te Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell.
Tukanga me te Mahi
I runga i ngā pūtau BSF tuku iho, ka tāpirihia e te hangarau PERC ētahi mahi matua e rua: te whakakorenga o te mata o muri me te whakatuwheratanga laser, ka tino whakanui ake i te pai o te mahi. Kei roto i te tukanga hanga ko te horoi me te hanga kakano o te wafer, te horapa hei hanga hononga pn, te tāpiri laser mō ngā kaituku whiriwhiri, te whakakorenga o muri, te keri laser, te tā mata, te sintering, me te whakamātautau.
Ngā Painga
He māmā te hanganga o ngā pūtau PERC, he poto te tukanga hanga, ā, he roa te pakari o ngā taputapu.
3. Ngā Pūtau Hēterojunction (HJT)
Hanganga
He pūtau rā ranu ngā pūtau HJT e whakakotahi ana i ngā papa silicon tioata me ngā kiriata silicon kore-āhua. Kei roto i ēnei he paparanga silicon kore-āhua ā-roto i te atanga heterojunction hei whakakore i ngā mata o mua me muri. Kei roto i te hanganga ōrite he papa silicon tioata momo-N, he paparanga silicon kore-āhua Pi i te taha e anga ana ki te mārama, he paparanga silicon kore-āhua iN i te taha muri, me ngā irahiko mārama me ngā pae hiko i ngā taha e rua. He pūtau kanohi-rua ēnei.
Ngā Painga
He nui te whai huatanga o ngā pūtau HJT, he iti te pirau, he iti te tauwehenga pāmahana, he teitei te hononga kanohi-rua, he māmā ake ngā tukanga, ā, he pai mō ngā angiangi angiangi.
4. Ngā Pūtau TOPCon
Kaupapa Hangarau
Ko ngā pūtau TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) e hangai ana ki te mātāpono kawe whiriwhiri. Kei roto i a rātou he paparanga silicon oxide tino angiangi me te paparanga silicon kua pania ki muri, e hanga ana i tētahi hanganga whakapā kua pāngia. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te whakakotahitanga o te mata me te whakapā whakarewa, ka hangaia he pūmanawa nui mō te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga i roto i ngā pūtau N-PERT.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tukanga
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūtau TOPCon ngā papa silicon momo-N, ā, he iti noa ngā huringa e hiahiatia ana ki ngā raina whakaputa momo-P o nāianei, pērā i te tāpiri i ngā taputapu tohatoha boron me te whakatakotoranga kiriata-angiangi. Ka whakakorea e rātou te hiahia mō ngā whakatuwheratanga me te whakaritenga o muri, ka whakangawari ake i te hanga me te whakarei ake i te hototahitanga ki ngā tukanga pūtau PERC me N-PERT.
Ngā Painga
He iti te pirau o ngā pūtau TOPCon, he teitei te hononga kanohi-rua, ā, he iti hoki te tauwehenga pāmahana, e hua ai he mahi tino pai i roto i ngā tipu hiko o te rā.
5. Ngā Pūtau IBC
Hanganga me te Mātāpono
Ka nekehia e ngā pūtau IBC ngā raina whatunga hiko o mua ki muri, ka whakarite i ngā hononga pn me ngā hononga whakarewa kia rite ki te tauira honohono. Ka whakaitihia te atarangi, ka whakanuia hoki te mimiti o te mārama. Nā te korenga o ngā hononga whakarewa o mua, ka nui ake te wāhi hohe o ngā pūtau IBC mō te hurihanga photon.
Whakaurunga Hangarau
Ka taea e ngā pūtau IBC te whakauru atu ki ētahi atu hangarau pēnei i a PERC, TOPCon, HJT, me te perovskite, ka hanga he pūtau ranu matatau pēnei i a "TBC" (TOPCon-IBC) me "HBC" (HJT-IBC).
Pūmanawa Taupānga
He ātaahua te hoahoa o ngā pūtau IBC, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi i ngā hiko photovoltaic whakauru-whare (BIPV), ā, he kaha hoki ngā huarahi arumoni kei a rātou.
Whakamutunga
He painga motuhake tō ia momo pūtau PV, ā, he tūranga nui tōna ki te whakatairanga i ngā hangarau hiko o te rā. Mā te auahatanga tonu, kei te akiakihia e ēnei hangarau te tipu me te panonitanga o te umanga photovoltaic.
