Amaseli e-Photovoltaic (PV) ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon futhi aqukethe ama-electrode amahle nangalungile. Uma evezwa elangeni, umphumela we-photovoltaic uyenzeka, uguqula ngokushesha amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi ngesimo samandla aqondile (DC). Lo gesi ungagcinwa emabhethri noma uguqulwe ube amandla ashintshanayo (AC) nge-inverter ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla ezahlukahlukene. Amaseli e-PV avame ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni noma ngokuhambisana namamojula efomu, abese ehlanganiswa abe ama-array ukuze kuphume amandla amakhulu.
1. Amaseli Ensimu Yomphezulu We-Aluminium Engemuva (BSF)
Isakhiwo kanye Nesimiso
Amaseli e-BSF awuhlobo oluvamile lwamaseli elanga asebenzisa i-aluminium coating njenge-electrode yangemuva. Lokhu kwakha insimu kagesi yangemuva esiza ekushayeleni ama-electron aye ku-electrode yangemuva, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihilela ukufaka i-phosphorus ebusweni be-silicon ukuze kudalwe isifunda sohlobo lwe-N, ukusebenzisa ifilimu noma i-coating ukuze kwakhiwe isifunda sohlobo lwe-P ngaphambili, kanye nokwakha i-pn junction. Ekugcineni, amagridi ensimbi ayengezwa ukuze kuqoqwe ugesi.
Umlando Wentuthuko
Amaseli e-BSF aqale ukuphakanyiswa ngo-1973, ayeyisakhiwo sokuqala samaseli e-silicon acwebezelayo athengiswayo. Ngo-2016, ayengaphezu kuka-90% wesabelo semakethe.
Izinzuzo
Amaseli e-BSF aphawuleka ngobulula bawo, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe.
2. Amaseli e-PERC
Ukuqamba Imvelaphi
I-PERC imele i-Passivated Emitter kanye ne-Rear Cell.
Inqubo Nokusebenza
Ngokwakhela phezu kwamaseli e-BSF endabuko, ubuchwepheshe be-PERC bunezela izinyathelo ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuphasiswa kobuso bangemuva kanye nokuvulwa nge-laser, okukhulisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifaka phakathi ukuhlanza i-wafer kanye nokuthungwa, ukusabalala kokudala ama-pn junctions, ukufuthwa nge-laser kwama-emitters akhethiwe, ukuphasiswa kobuso bangemuva, ukubhoboza nge-laser, ukuphrinta kwesikrini, ukuthungwa kwe-sintering, kanye nokuhlola.
Izinzuzo
Amaseli e-PERC anesisakhiwo esilula, inqubo yokukhiqiza emfushane, kanye nokuvuthwa okuphezulu kwemishini.
3. Amaseli e-Heterojunction (HJT)
Isakhiwo
Amaseli e-HJT angamaseli elanga ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa ama-substrate e-silicon acwebezelayo namafilimu e-silicon angenawo ukwakheka. Ahlanganisa izendlalelo ze-silicon ezingaphakathi ezingenawo ukwakheka endaweni yokuhlangana kwe-heterojunction ukuze kudlule ubuso bangaphambili nangemuva. Isakhiwo esilinganayo sihlanganisa i-substrate ye-silicon ecwebezelayo yohlobo lwe-N, isendlalelo se-silicon esingenawo ukwakheka se-Pi ohlangothini olubheke ukukhanya, isendlalelo se-silicon esingenawo ukwakheka se-iN ngemuva, kanye nama-electrode abonakalayo nama-busbars kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Lawa amaseli amabili.
Izinzuzo
Amaseli e-HJT asebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuwohloka okuphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ubukhulu obuphezulu bokubili, izinqubo ezilula, kanye nokufaneleka kwama-wafer amancane.
4. Amaseli e-TOPCon
Isimiso Sobuchwepheshe
Amaseli e-TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) asekelwe kusimiso sokuthwala esikhethiwe. Anesendlalelo se-silicon oxide esinciphile kakhulu kanye nesendlalelo se-silicon esihlanganisiwe ngemuva, okwenza isakhiwo sokuxhumana esingasebenzi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuhlangana kabusha kokuxhumana okuphezulu kanye nensimbi, okudala amathuba amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli e-N-PERT.
Izici Zenqubo
Amaseli e-TOPCon asebenzisa ama-substrate e-silicon ohlobo lwe-N futhi adinga izinguquko ezincane emigqeni yokukhiqiza yohlobo lwe-P ekhona, njengokwengeza imishini yokusabalalisa i-boron kanye ne-thin-film deposition. Aqeda isidingo sokuvuleka kwangemuva kanye nokuqondanisa, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuhambisana nezinqubo zamaseli e-PERC kanye ne-N-PERT.
Izinzuzo
Amaseli e-TOPCon abonisa ukuwohloka okuphansi, ubukhulu obuphezulu bobuso, kanye ne-coefficient yokushisa ephansi, okunikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ezitshalweni zamandla elanga.
5. Amaseli e-IBC
Isakhiwo kanye Nesimiso
Amaseli e-Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) athuthela yonke imigqa yegridi ye-electrode engaphambili aye ngemuva, ahlele izihlanganisi ze-pn kanye nokuxhumana kwensimbi ngendlela ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa ukufiphala futhi kwandisa ukumuncwa kokukhanya. Njengoba kungekho ukuxhumana kwensimbi engaphambili, amaseli e-IBC anikeza indawo enkulu esebenzayo yokuguqulwa kwe-photon.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe
Amaseli e-IBC angahlanganiswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe ezifana ne-PERC, TOPCon, HJT, kanye ne-perovskite, akha amaseli ahlanganisiwe athuthukile njenge-"TBC" (TOPCon-IBC) kanye ne-"HBC" (HJT-IBC).
Amandla Okufaka Isicelo
Ngomklamo wawo omuhle ngobuhle, amaseli e-IBC afaneleka kahle kuma-photovoltaics ahlanganisiwe (i-BIPV) futhi anamandla amakhulu kwezentengiselwano.
Isiphetho
Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli le-PV lunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile futhi ludlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bamandla elanga. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo, lobu buchwepheshe buqhuba ukukhula nokuguqulwa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic.
