ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia nā pūnaewele Photovoltaic (PV) mai nā mea semiconductor e like me ka silicon a loaʻa iā lākou nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka lā, hana ʻia ka hopena photovoltaic, e hoʻololi koke ana i ka ikehu māmā i ikehu uila ma ke ʻano o ke au pololei (DC). Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia uila i loko o nā pila a i ʻole e hoʻololi ʻia i ke au alternating (AC) ma o kahi inverter e hoʻokō i nā pono ikehu like ʻole. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā pūnaewele PV ma ke ʻano moʻo a i ʻole like e hana i nā modula, a laila e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o nā arrays no nā hopena ikehu nui aʻe.
1. Nā Kelepona o ke Kahua ʻIli Hope Alumini (BSF)
ʻAno a me ke Kumumanaʻo
ʻO nā pūnaewele BSF kahi ʻano maʻamau o nā pūnaewele solar e hoʻohana ana i kahi uhi alumini ma ke ʻano he electrode hope. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi kahua uila hope e kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā electrons i ka electrode hope, e hoʻonui ana i ka pono o ka hoʻololi ikehu. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻili silicon me ka phosphorus e hana i kahi ʻāpana ʻano N, e hoʻopili ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana e hana i kahi ʻāpana ʻano P ma ke alo, a me ka hana ʻana i kahi hui pn. ʻO ka hope, hoʻohui ʻia nā grids metala e hōʻiliʻili i ke au.
Moʻolelo Hoʻomohala
Ua hāpai mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1973, ʻo nā pūnaewele BSF ka ʻōnaehana kelepona silicon crystalline mua loa i kālepa ʻia. I ka makahiki 2016, ua helu lākou ma mua o 90% o ka māhele mākeke.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi
He mea kaulana nā pūnaewele BSF no ko lākou maʻalahi, kūpono ke kumukūʻai, a me ka ʻenehana makua.
2. Nā Kelepona PERC
Ka Inoa ʻana i ke Kumu
ʻO PERC ke kū nei no ka Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell.
Kaʻina Hana a me ka Hana
Ke kūkulu nei ma luna o nā pūnaewele BSF kuʻuna, hoʻohui ka ʻenehana PERC i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi: ka passivation ʻili hope a me ka wehe ʻana o ka laser, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka pono. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wafer a me ka texturing, diffusion e hana i nā pn junctions, laser doping no nā emitters selective, rear passivation, laser drilling, screen printing, sintering, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi
He ʻano maʻalahi ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele PERC, he kaʻina hana pōkole, a he lōʻihi o ke oʻo ʻana o nā lako.
3. Nā Kelepona Heterojunction (HJT)
ʻAno
ʻO nā pūnaewele HJT he mau pūnaewele solar hybrid e hoʻohui ana i nā substrates silicon crystalline a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni silicon amorphous. Hoʻohui lākou i nā papa silicon amorphous intrinsic ma ka interface heterojunction e passivate i nā ʻili mua a me hope. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho symmetrical e komo pū ana me kahi substrate silicon crystalline N-type, kahi papa silicon amorphous Pi ma ka ʻaoʻao e kū pono ana i ka mālamalama, kahi papa silicon amorphous iN ma ke kua, a me nā electrodes a me nā busbars ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. He mau pūnaewele bifacial kēia.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi
Ua haʻaheo nā pūnaewele HJT i ka pono kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka coefficient mahana haʻahaʻa, ka bifaciality kiʻekiʻe, nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi, a me ke kūpono no nā wafers lahilahi.
4. Nā Kelepona TOPCon
Kumumanaʻo Loea
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūnaewele TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) ma ke kumumanaʻo lawe koho. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi papa silicon oxide lahilahi loa a me kahi papa silicon i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke kua, e hana ana i kahi ʻano pili passivated. Hoʻemi kēia i ka hui hou ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka metala, e hana ana i ka hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono i nā pūnaewele N-PERT.
Nā Hiʻohiʻona Kaʻina Hana
Hoʻohana nā pūnaewele TOPCon i nā substrates silicon ʻano N a koi iki i nā hoʻololi i nā laina hana ʻano P e kū nei, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka boron diffusion a me nā lako hoʻokaʻawale ʻili lahilahi. Hoʻopau lākou i ka pono no nā puka hope a me ke kaulike ʻana, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i ka hana ʻana a hoʻonui i ka launa pū me nā kaʻina hana pūnaewele PERC a me N-PERT.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi
Hōʻike nā pūnaewele TOPCon i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, bifaciality kiʻekiʻe, a me kahi coefficient mahana haʻahaʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana maikaʻi loa i nā mea kanu mana o ka lā.
5. Nā Kelepona IBC
ʻAno a me ke Kumumanaʻo
Hoʻoneʻe nā pūnaewele Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) i nā laina grid electrode ʻaoʻao mua a pau i hope, e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā hui pn a me nā pilina metala ma ke ʻano interdigitated. Hoʻemi kēia i ka malu a hoʻonui i ka omo ʻana o ka mālamalama. Me ka ʻole o nā pilina metala ʻaoʻao mua, hāʻawi nā pūnaewele IBC i kahi wahi hana nui no ka hoʻololi photon.
Hoʻohui ʻenehana
Hiki i nā pūnaewele IBC ke hoʻohui me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e like me PERC, TOPCon, HJT, a me perovskite, e hana ana i nā pūnaewele hybrid holomua e like me "TBC" (TOPCon-IBC) a me "HBC" (HJT-IBC).
Ka Mana Hoʻohana
Me ko lākou hoʻolālā ʻoluʻolu a nani hoʻi, kūpono loa nā pūnaewele IBC no nā photovoltaics i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana (BIPV) a paʻa i nā manaʻolana pāʻoihana ikaika.
Hopena
Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻano kelepona PV i nā pono kūikawā a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻenehana mana o ka lā. Ma o ka hana hou mau ʻana, ke hoʻokele nei kēia mau ʻenehana i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻoihana photovoltaic.
