Uturemangingo twa photovoltaic (PV) dusanzwe dukorwa mu bikoresho bya semiconductor nka silikoni kandi dufite electrodes nziza na negative. Iyo tugejejwe ku zuba, ingaruka za photovoltaic zirabaho, zigahita zihindura ingufu z'urumuri mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa direct current (DC). Aya mashanyarazi ashobora kubikwa muri batiri cyangwa agahindurwamo alternating current (AC) binyuze muri inverter kugira ngo ahuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye by'ingufu. Uturemangingo twa PV dukunze guhuzwa mu buryo bukurikiranye cyangwa bujyanye n'uburyo bw'ingufu, hanyuma tugateranywa mu buryo buhuriweho kugira ngo haboneke ingufu nyinshi.
1. Utunyangingo tw'inyuma twa aluminiyumu (BSF)
Imiterere n'amahame
Uturemangingo twa BSF ni ubwoko busanzwe bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba dukoresha irangi rya aluminiyumu nk'irangi ry'inyuma. Ibi bikora umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'inyuma ufasha gutwara electron kuri electrod y'inyuma, bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu. Uburyo bwo gukora bukubiyemo gushyira fosifore ku buso bwa silicon kugira ngo habeho agace k'ubwoko bwa N, gukoresha filime cyangwa irangi kugira ngo habeho agace k'ubwoko bwa P imbere, no gukora ihuriro rya pn. Amaherezo, hongerwaho imiyoboro y'icyuma kugira ngo hakusanyirizwe umuriro.
Amateka y'Iterambere
Uturemangingo twa BSF twatanzwe bwa mbere mu 1973, ni two twa mbere twashyizwe mu bucuruzi bw’uturemangingo twa silikoni twa kristalo. Mu 2016, twari dufite hejuru ya 90% by’isoko.
Ibyiza
Selile za BSF zizwiho koroshya, gukoresha neza amafaranga, ndetse n'ikoranabuhanga ryazo rigezweho.
2. Uturemangingo twa PERC
Inkomoko y'amazina
PERC isobanura Passivated Emitter na Rear Cell.
Imikorere n'Iterambere
Kubaka uturemangingo twa BSF dusanzwe, ikoranabuhanga rya PERC ryongeraho intambwe ebyiri z'ingenzi: gusohora inyuma no gufungura laser, bikongera imikorere myiza cyane. Uburyo bwo gukora burimo gusukura no gushushanya wafer, gukwirakwiza pn, gukoresha laser mu gusohora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, gusohora inyuma, gucukura laser, gucapa ecran, gusohora sintering, no gupima.
Ibyiza
Selile za PERC zifite imiterere yoroshye, inzira ngufi yo gukora, kandi zikoresha ibikoresho byinshi.
3. Utunyangingo twa Heterojunction (HJT)
Imiterere
Uturemangingo twa HJT ni uturemangingo tw’izuba duvanze duhuza uduce twa silikoni twa kristaline na filime za silikoni zitarimo uturemangingo. Dushyiramo uturemangingo twa silikoni tutarimo uturemangingo ku gice cy’imbere n’inyuma kugira ngo duhindure ubuso bw’imbere n’inyuma. Imiterere yatwo igizwe n’uduce twa silikoni twa kristaline twa N-type, uturemangingo twa silikoni twa Pi tudarimo uturemangingo ku ruhande rureba urumuri, uturemangingo twa silikoni tutarimo uturemangingo ku mpande zombi, hamwe n’uturemangingo dutanga urumuri n’uturemangingo ku mpande zombi. Izi ni uturemangingo tw’isura ebyiri.
Ibyiza
Uturemangingo twa HJT dufite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane, kwangirika guke, ubushyuhe buke, ubuso bubiri buri hejuru, imikorere yoroshye, kandi ikwiriye utubuto tworoshye.
4. Utunyangingo twa TOPCon
Ihame rya tekiniki
Uturemangingo twa TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) dushingiye ku ihame ryo gutwara ibintu. Dufite urwego rwa silicon oxide rworoshye cyane n'urwego rwa silicon rugizwe n'uduce tw'inyuma, bigatuma habaho imiterere y'uruhererekane rw ...
Ibiranga Imikorere
Uturemangingo twa TOPCon dukoresha substrates za silikoni zo mu bwoko bwa N kandi bisaba impinduka nke ku miterere isanzweho ya P, nko kongeramo ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza boron no gushyiramo icyuma gito. Bikuraho gukenera gufungura no guhuza inyuma, byoroshya gukora no kunoza imikoranire na PERC na N-PERT cells.
Ibyiza
Uturemangingo twa TOPCon tugaragaza kwangirika guke, imiterere y’impande zombi iri hejuru, n’ubushyuhe buke, bitanga umusaruro mwiza mu nganda zitanga ingufu z’izuba.
5. Utunyangingo twa IBC
Imiterere n'amahame
Uturemangingo tw’inyuma tw’imbere (Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC)) twimura imirongo yose y’amashanyarazi y’uruhande rw’imbere ijya inyuma, tugashyira hamwe aho pn ihurira n’ibyuma mu buryo bunyuranye. Ibi bigabanya igicucu kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza urumuri. Kubera ko nta turemangingo tw’imbere tw’icyuma, uturemangingo twa IBC dutanga ahantu hanini ho guhindura fotoni.
Guhuza ikoranabuhanga
Uturemangingo twa IBC dushobora guhuzwa n'izindi koranabuhanga nka PERC, TOPCon, HJT, na perovskite, bigatuma habaho uturemangingo twa hybride tugezweho nka "TBC" (TOPCon-IBC) na "HBC" (HJT-IBC).
Ubushobozi bwo gusaba
Bitewe n'imiterere yazo ishimishije, utwuma twa IBC tubereye cyane gukoresha mu kubaka utwuma dukoresha amashanyarazi (BIPV) kandi dufite amahirwe menshi yo gukora ubucuruzi.
Umwanzuro
Buri bwoko bwa selile ya PV butanga ibyiza bidasanzwe kandi bugira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya duhoraho, izi koranabuhanga zirimo gutera imbere no guhinduka kw’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.
