N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, PV ezinụlọ, dịka akụkụ dị mkpa nke mgbanwe ike China, enwetala mmepe ngwa ngwa site na mmalite, site na adịghị ike ruo na nke siri ike. Site na mgbanwe na gburugburu amụma na mgbanwe na ọchịchọ ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ PV ezinụlọ na-echekwa ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka na ohere ihu.
1. Mgbanwe ahịa dabere na amụma
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, National Energy Administration (NEA) ewepụtala ọtụtụ amụma iji nye nkwado siri ike maka mmepe nke ahịa PV ezinụlọ. 2024 Na Ọktoba, NEA wepụtara "Usoro Nchịkwa maka Mmepe na Iwu nke Ike Photovoltaic Kesara (Nkọwapụta Ikpughe)" (nke a na-akpọ "Nkọwapụta Ikpughe"), nke na-eme ka o doo anya na Nkeji edemede 36 na ọrụ mmepụta ike photovoltaic kesara kwesịrị isonye na ahịa ọkụ eletrik dịka iwu steeti si dị, nke na-egosi na fotovoltaic ezinụlọ "n'ime ahịa" emechaala. Mgbanwe amụma a nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ahịa PV ezinụlọ. Dịka data National Energy Board si kwuo, ikike PV ezinụlọ 2023 etinyere ruru 43.48GW, nke dị elu. Agbanyeghị, na mmụba ngwa ngwa na nha nke nrụnye PV kesara, ụfọdụ mpaghara apụtala dị ka nsogbu oriri. Mmalite nke "Nkọwapụta Ihe" bụ iji duzie ohere ezi uche dị na ya ịnweta PV kesara na ojiji ọkụ eletrik dị mma site na usoro ahịa, na ịkwalite nkesa kacha mma nke akụrụngwa ọkụ eletrik. Na mgbakwunye, "Nkọwapụta Ihe" bụkwa maka oge mbụ ụdị ọrụ "ezinụlọ mmadụ na-abụghị nke okike", na-enye ikike itinye akwụkwọ maka ọrụ ezinụlọ, iji dozie isiokwu itinye ego na ọrụ ezinụlọ ogologo oge na isiokwu nke itinye nsogbu ahụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Dịka atụmatụ si dị, ahịa PV ezinụlọ China nwere nnukwu ikike nke karịrị 1600GW, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-etinye ihe karịrị ụlọ PV ezinụlọ nde 80, ọnụego ntinye ugbu a bụ naanị ihe dị ka 10%, yana nnukwu oghere uto na ikike mmepe.
2. Ọnọdụ Ahịa na Ihe Ịma Aka
N'agbanyeghị nhazi gburugburu amụma, ahịa PV ezinụlọ ka na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu. N'otu aka, site na mbelata nke ikike njikọ grid na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ikike PV arụnyere, ụfọdụ mpaghara enwewo nsogbu oriri. Dịka data National Energy Board si kwuo, na njedebe nke 2023, na mpaghara isii nnwale ndị na-eme nyocha nke ikike ibu nke ohere PV ekesara na grid, enwere ọkwa dị iche iche nke nsogbu oriri. N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe PV ekesara sonyere na azụmaahịa ahịa, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ike kwesịrị iche gburugburu ahịa dị mgbagwoju anya na nrụgide asọmpi ihu. Dịka China Photovoltaic Industry Association si kwuo, ruo na njedebe nke Septemba 2024, ikike arụnyere nke PV ekesara ruru nde kilowatt 340, nke ruru 44% nke ikike arụnyere nke PV. Site na mgbasawanye na-aga n'ihu nke ikike arụnyere, asọmpi ahịa ga-esiwanye ike, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ike kwesịrị ịnọgide na-emeziwanye ikike ọrụ na njikwa ihe egwu ha. Tinyere nke ahụ, ahịa PV ezinụlọ na-echekwa nsogbu dịka mmelite teknụzụ, mbelata ọnụ ahịa, na nsogbu ego. Agbanyeghị, site na ọganihu teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na nkwado amụma na-aga n'ihu, a na-edozi nsogbu ndị a nwayọ nwayọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ike PV ezinụlọ anọgidewo na-ada, oke arụmọrụ ọnụahịa anọgidewokwa na-aka mma, nke emeela ka ahịa na ọha mmadụ mara mma. N'otu oge ahụ, gọọmentị ewebatala usoro amụma nkwado ego iji nyere obere na ọkara ụlọ ọrụ (SMEs) na ndị ọrụ ugbo aka idozi nsogbu ego ha.
3. Usoro mmepe na ntụkwasị obi
Ọ bụ ezie na ahịa PV ezinụlọ na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu, usoro mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka dị mma. Mmụba na-aga n'ihu na ikike arụnyere: Dịka data kachasị ọhụrụ nke China Photovoltaic Industry Association (CPIA) wepụtara, n'ime ọnwa iri mbụ nke afọ a, ikike mmepụta ike PV nke China arụnyere ruru gigawatts 181.3 (GW), mmụba kwa afọ nke 27.27%. N'ime ha, onyinye fotovoltaic kesara dị oke egwu, mkpokọta ikike arụnyere nke 96 GW, na-aza 52.97%. Azụmaahịa asambodo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eto eto: asambodo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ike imezu nha nke ike mmeghari ohuru ma na-anọchite anya onyinye gburugburu ebe obibi nke nkeji ọkụ eletrik nke ike mmeghari ohuru mepụtara. Dịka data National Development and Reform Commission si kwuo, site na Jenụwarị ruo August 2024, ike azụmaahịa ike akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke China ruru ijeri kWh 177.5, elu 223% kwa afọ; azụmaahịa asambodo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gafere nde 200, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro ise n'afọ.
Obi ike ahịa na-amụba nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe amụma emeela ka enweghị obi ike ahịa dịkwuo elu n'oge dị mkpirikpi, n'oge dị anya, ụkpụrụ nke etiti na nkesa ka na-agbanweghi agbanwe, ahịa ahụ nwekwara oghere uto kwụsiri ike. Dịka amụma International Energy Agency (IEA) si kwuo, ka ọ na-erule 2030, PV ekesara ga-abawanye site na 694.4GW dị ugbu a ruo 2,353.5GW, a na-atụ anya atụmanya mmepe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nke ọma.
PV nke ụlọ obibi na-enweta mmepe ngwa ngwa, a ka na-ewepụta ọchịchọ, ahịa ọhụrụ nke ọkwa gigawatt ka na-apụta. Oke mmepụta ike PV nke ụlọ obibi na Jiangsu na Anhui ruru 6.7 GW na 3.1 GW n'otu n'otu, ikike mmepụta ike PV nke ụlọ obibi na Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Zhejiang na ógbè ndị ọzọ emebiela GW.
Tinyere nke a, site na ọganihu teknụzụ na mbelata ọnụ ahịa na-aga n'ihu, a ga-eme ka ọnụ ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik PV ezinụlọ dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik PV ebe obibi anọgidewo na-ebelata, na-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ nwee ike ịkwụ ụgwọ nrụnye. N'otu oge ahụ, gọọmentị ewebatala usoro amụma nkwado, dị ka mkpali ụtụ isi na enyemaka ego, na-akwalite mmụba na mmụba nke ahịa PV ezinụlọ.
N'ọdịnihu, fotovoltaic ekesara na ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ime obodo, njem, owuwu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme ihe ga-anọgide na-akawanye mma, njikọta na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche ga-adị nso, a ga-ejikọkwa ya nke ọma na nchekwa ike, grid smart na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ iji mepụta mmepe agbakwunyere.
"Mkro-grid aghọwo ụzọ dị mkpa iji melite ikike ibu na ikike oriri nke grid nkesa ma dozie ọrụ kwụsiri ike nke ike mmeghari ohuru nke kesara n'okpuru sistemụ ike ọhụrụ." Na Smart Energy Forum, Sun Shumin, ọkachamara isi nke Steeti Grid, lekwasịrị anya na mmepe nke grid obere. Taa, ọtụtụ ebe ga-ahazi sistemụ mmeghari ohuru mgbe ha na-ewu grid obere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ogige efu-carbon, ọkụ eletrik akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ niile, mmepụta nke ngwaahịa dịka ihe achọrọ na tarifụ carbon, kamakwa belata ụtụ isi carbon, melite asọmpi ngwaahịa, nke ga-aghọ ebe ahịa na-aga n'ihu n'ọdịnihu nke owuwu ike ọhụrụ.
N'ọdịnihu, fotovoltaic kesara na ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ime obodo, njem, owuwu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke ngwa ahụ ga-anọgidekwa na-emiwanye emi, njikọta nke mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche ga-adịkwu nso, ga-abụ site na nchekwa ike, grid smart na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ na-ejikọta omimi, nhazi nke mmepe agbakwunyere. Enwere ike ịmepụta ya site na ụdị obodo dum, na-agbanwe netwọk nkesa mbụ na ime obodo, na-emezu mmepe etiti, imewe, owuwu, ọrụ na mmezi, njikwa na njikọ grid voltaji dị elu nke ọdụ ike, na-ewu ngwọta micro-grid nwere ọgụgụ isi dị iche iche, na iru njikọta nke mmepe, nkesa, ojiji (ịchaji) na iwu nchekwa site na ebe nhazi ọgụgụ isi iji kwe ka PV ezinụlọ rụọ ọrụ ka ukwuu na uru, na ime ka nkwụsi ike sistemụ ya, nhazi na ọkwa ọgụgụ isi dịkwuo mma.
N'ozuzu, na mmepe ọrụ mmepụta ike fotovoltaic nke a na-ekesa, azụmaahịa n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ilekwasị anya n'ihe anọ: otu bụ isonye na ahịa ike dịka iwu steeti si dị; nke abụọ bụ ime ka teknụzụ ozi ọrụ ahụ ka mma, imepụta dijitalụ, ọkwa ọgụgụ isi, iji nweta ihe a na-ahụ anya, nke a na-atụ anya ya, nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a na-achịkwa; nke atọ bụ ijikọta etiti na grid nwere ike imeziwanye ikike ibu nke grid; nke anọ bụ ịgbanwe ọnọdụ, ilekwasị anya na ọrụ njikwa ike, imelite na imelite sistemụ ụdị grid na-abụghị grid, wdg.
N'ileghachi anya n'ọdịnihu, anyị nwere ihe mere anyị ga-eji kwere na ụlọ ọrụ PV ezinụlọ ga-eweta echi ka mma. Site na mmụba nke mgbanwe ike zuru ụwa ọnụ na atụmatụ nke ebumnuche "carbon okpukpu abụọ", PV ezinụlọ, dịka onye nnọchi anya dị mkpa nke ike dị ọcha, ga-eweta oghere mmepe sara mbara. N'otu oge ahụ, site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ na nkwado amụma, a ga-aka mma karịa ọnụ ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ike PV ezinụlọ, na-akwalite mmụba nke ahịa na ọtụtụ mmadụ.
