Mumakore achangopfuura, PV yemumba, sechikamu chakakosha chekuchinja kwesimba muChina, yave nekukura nekukurumidza kubva pakutanga, kubva pakusasimba kusvika pakusimba. Nekuchinja kwemamiriro emitemo uye kuchinja kwekudiwa kwemusika, indasitiri yePV yemumba iri kutarisanawo nematambudziko nemikana yakawanda.
1. Kuchinja kwemusika kunotungamirirwa nemutemo
Mumakore achangopfuura, National Energy Administration (NEA) yakaburitsa mitemo yakati wandei yekutsigira kuvandudzwa kwemusika wePV wemhuri. 2024 Muna Gumiguru, NEA yakaburitsa "Matanho Ekutonga Ekuvandudza Nekuvaka Kwekugadzirwa Kwemagetsi Akaparadzirwa (Exposure Draft)" (anozonzi "Exposure Draft"), izvo zvinojekesa muChinyorwa 36 kuti mapurojekiti ekugadzira magetsi akaparadzirwa anofanira kutora chikamu mumusika wemagetsi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nehurumende, izvo zvinoratidza kuti photovoltaic yemhuri "inopinda mumusika" yapedzwa. Kuchinja kwemutemo uyu kune simba guru pamusika wePV wemhuri. Sekureva kwedata reNational Energy Board, kugona kwePV yemhuri muna 2023 kwakasvika 43.48GW, yakakwira zvikuru. Zvisinei, nekukura nekukurumidza kwehukuru hwekuiswa kwePV yakagoverwa, dzimwe nzvimbo dzakabuda sedambudziko rekushandisa. Kuunzwa kwe "Exposure Draft" kwakanangana nekutungamira mukana wekusvika zvakanaka kumagetsi akaparadzirwa uye kushandiswa zvakanaka kwemagetsi kuburikidza nenzira dzinoenderana nemusika, uye kukurudzira kugoverwa kwakakwana kwesimba remagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, "Exposure Draft" kekutanga zvakare rudzi rwepurojekiti yakajeka ye "mhuri isiri yemunhu wechisikigo", ichipa munhu asiri wechisikigo kodzero dzekutumira mapurojekiti emhuri, kugadzirisa nyaya yekudyara kweprojekiti yemhuri kwenguva refu uye nyaya yekutumira dambudziko risingawirirane. Sekureva kwefungidziro, musika wemagetsi emhuri muChina une simba guru remagetsi anopfuura 1600GW, unotarisirwa kuisa matenga emagetsi emhuri anopfuura mamiriyoni makumi masere, mwero wekupinda kwemagetsi pari zvino ungangoita 10% chete, nenzvimbo yakakura yekukura uye mukana wekusimudzira.
2. Mamiriro Emusika Nematambudziko
Kunyangwe mamiriro emutemo ari kugadziriswa, musika wemagetsi epamba uchiri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, nekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwesimba rakabatana negrid uye kukura nekukurumidza kwesimba rakaiswa nePV yakaparadzirwa, mamwe matunhu akasangana nematambudziko ekushandisa. Sekureva kwedata reNational Energy Board, pakupera kwa2023, mumatunhu matanhatu ekuyedza anoita ongororo yesimba rekutakura rePV yakagoverwa kugrid, kune matanho akasiyana ematambudziko ekushandisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mushure mekunge PV yakagoverwa yatora chikamu mukutengeserana kwakatarisana nemusika, vashandi vemagetsi vanofanirwa kutarisana nemamiriro emusika akaomarara uye kumanikidzwa kwemakwikwi. Sekureva kweChina Photovoltaic Industry Association, kusvika pakupera kwaGunyana 2024, simba rakaiswa rePV yakagoverwa rakasvika 340 miriyoni kilowatts, zvichiita 44% yesimba rese rakaiswa rePV. Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwesimba rakaiswa, makwikwi emusika achawedzera zvakanyanya, uye vashandi vemagetsi vanofanirwa kuramba vachivandudza kugona kwavo kushanda uye kutonga njodzi. Pamusoro pezvo, musika wemagetsi epamba uri kusanganawo nematambudziko akadai sekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kudzikiswa kwemitengo, uye matambudziko emari. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiita tekinoroji uye rutsigiro rwemitemo, matambudziko aya ari kugadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Semuenzaniso, mumakore achangopfuura, mutengo wezviteshi zvemagetsi zvepamba zvemagetsi epamba wakaramba uchidzikira, uye chiyero chemitengo-kushanda chakaramba chichikura, izvo zvakasimudzira kufarirwa kwemusika nevanhu vazhinji. Panguva imwe chete, hurumende yakaunzawo nhevedzano yehurongwa hwekutsigira mari yekubatsira mabhizinesi madiki nepakati (SMEs) nevarimi kugadzirisa matambudziko avo emari.
3. Mafambiro ebudiriro uye chivimbo
Kunyangwe musika wemagetsi emagetsi epamba uri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda, kufambira mberi kweindasitiri kuchiri kwakanaka. Kukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi muhuwandu hwemagetsi akaiswa: Zvichienderana nedata razvino rakaburitswa neChina Photovoltaic Industry Association (CPIA), mumwedzi gumi yekutanga yegore rino, huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi ePV muChina hwakasvika 181.3 gigawatts (GW), kukura kwegore negore kwe27.27%. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi akaparadzirwa hwakanyanya kunaka, huwandu hwemagetsi akaiswa hwe96 GW, huchisvika 52.97%. Kutengeserana kwezvitupa zvemagetsi emagetsi egirini kuri kukura: zvitupa zvegirini zvinogona kuyera simba remagetsi rinowanikwazve uye zvinomiririra mupiro wezvakatipoteredza weyuniti yemagetsi inogadzirwa nesimba rinowanikwazve. Zvichienderana nedata reNational Development and Reform Commission, kubva muna Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2024, simba rekutengesa magetsi egirini muChina rakasvika 177.5 bhiriyoni kWh, rakawedzera ne223% gore negore; kutengeserana kwezvitupa zvegirini kwakapfuura mamiriyoni mazana maviri, rakawedzera kanenge kashanu gore negore.
Kuvimba kwemusika kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe shanduko dzemitemo dzakawedzera kusava nechokwadi kwemusika munguva pfupi, munguva refu, musimboti wepakati nepakati uye kugoverwa kwemagetsi hauchinje, uye musika une nzvimbo yakagadzikana yekukura. Sekureva kweInternational Energy Agency (IEA), panosvika 2030, PV yakagoverwa ichawedzera kubva pa694.4GW iripo kusvika pa2,353.5GW, tarisiro yekukura kweindasitiri inotarisirwa zvizere.
PV yedenga redzimba iri kukurumidza kukura, kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchiburitswa, uye misika mitsva yemazinga egigawatt iri kuramba ichibuda. Huwandu hwemagetsi ePV edenga redzimba muJiangsu neAnhui hwakasvika 6.7 GW uye 3.1 GW zvichiteerana, uye kugona kwemagetsi ePV edenga redzimba muShandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Zhejiang nedzimwe nzvimbo kwakakanganisa GW.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo, kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo yemagetsi yePV yemumba kuchawedzera. Semuenzaniso, mumakore achangopfuura, mitengo yenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzePV dzemumba yakaramba ichiderera, zvichiita kuti varimi vakawanda nemabhizinesi vakwanise kubhadhara mari yekuisa. Panguva imwe chete, hurumende yakaunzawo nhevedzano yemitemo inotsigira, yakaita semitero yekukurudzira uye rubatsiro rwemari, zvichiwedzera kukurudzira kufarirwa uye kuwanda kwemusika wePV yemumba.
Mune ramangwana, magetsi ezuva anopararira mukurima nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa, mukufambisa, mukuvaka nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekushandisa acharamba achikura, uye kubatanidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kuchave pedyo, uye kuchabatanidzwa zvakadzama nekuchengetedza simba, grid yakangwara nedzimwe tekinoroji kuti pave nebudiriro yakabatana.
"Micro-grid yave nzira yakakosha yekuvandudza kugona kwekutakura uye kugona kwekushandisa kwegrid yekugovera uye kugadzirisa mashandiro akagadzikana esimba rinowedzerwa pasi pesimba idzva remagetsi." PaSmart Energy Forum, Sun Shumin, nyanzvi huru yeState Grid, akatarisana nekuvandudzwa kwemagrid madiki. Nhasi, nzvimbo zhinji dzichagadzira masisitimu anogoneka pakuvaka magrid madiki. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo isina kabhoni, magetsi akachena, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengo wekabhoni, asiwo kuderedza mitero yekabhoni, kuvandudza kukwikwidzana kwechigadzirwa, izvo zvichave nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha mumusika mune ramangwana rekuvaka simba idzva.
Mune ramangwana, magetsi ezuva nezuva anoparadzirwa munzvimbo dzekurima nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa, kutakura, kuvaka nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekushandisa zvicharamba zvichidzika, uye kubatanidzwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kuchave kwakabatana, kuchave nekuchengetwa kwesimba, grid yakangwara nedzimwe tekinoroji dzakadzama, kuumbwa kwebudiriro yakabatanidzwa. Inogonawo kugadzirwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwese hwemusha, kushandura network yekutanga yekugovera mumaruwa, kuita kuti budiriro, dhizaini, kuvaka, kushanda nekugadzirisa zvivepo, manejimendi uye grid ine voltage yakawanda yechiteshi chemagetsi, kuvaka mhinduro dzemagetsi emagetsi akawanda, uye kuwana kubatanidzwa kwekuvandudza, kugovera, kushandisa (kuchaja) uye kuchengetedza simba kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekuronga hurongwa yakangwara kubvumira PV yemumba kuti iite basa rakakura mukubatsirwa, uye kusimudzira kugadzikana kwesystem yayo, kugadzirisa uye nhanho yehungwaru.
Pamwe chete, mukugadzirwa kweprojekiti yemagetsi inogoverwa ne photovoltaic, bhizinesi remangwana rinofanira kutarisa pazvinhu zvina: chimwe ndechekutora chikamu mumusika wemagetsi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nehurumende; zviviri kusimudzira tekinoroji yeruzivo rwepurojekiti, digitalization, level yehungwaru, kuwana zvinoonekwa, kuyerwa, kugadziriswa, kudzorwa; zvitatu ndezvekubatanidza grid uye grid zvinogona kuvandudza kugona kwekutakura kwegrid; china ndechekuchinja nzvimbo, kutarisa pamabasa ekutonga simba, kusimudzira nekuvandudza system ye off-grid, nezvimwewo.
Tichitarisa mberi, tine chikonzero chekutenda kuti indasitiri yePV yemumba ichaunza mangwana ari nani. Nekukurumidza kwekuchinja kwesimba repasi rose uye chinangwa che "kabhoni kaviri", PV yemumba, semumiriri akakosha wesimba rakachena, ichaunza nzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza. Panguva imwe chete, nekufambira mberi kuri kuitwa tekinoroji nerutsigiro rwemitemo, kushanda zvakanaka kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvePV zvemumba kuchawedzerwa, zvichikurudzira kufarirwa kwemusika nevanhu vazhinji.
