Inama 7 zo kubungabunga imirima ya PV ikoresha imirasire y'izuba

1. Gutunganya imirima
(1) Umukozi asukura kabiri mu kwezi, agasukura ivumbi ku gihe.
(2) Reba niba uruzitiro rw'ahantu ho mu murima, ibyapa by'umutekano, n'ibibaho by'amatangazo bikiri mu buryo bwiza.
(3) Reba ibikoresho biri kuri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi akoresha imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo urebe neza ko bitazimira, byangirika, cyangwa ngo byibwe. Abantu batari ku kazi ntibagomba kwegera imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi akoresha imirasire y'izuba, kandi inyoni, inyamaswa, cyangwa ibindi bintu by'amahanga bigomba kwirukanwa bigasukurwa ako kanya.
(4) Kora uko ushoboye kose kugira ngo wumve kandi wandike raporo y'ikirere ya buri munsi yo mu gace utuyemo ku gihe, kandi witegure impanuka kandi ufate ingamba zo kubungabunga umutekano w'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rukoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic.
(5) Kugenzura no kwandika ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibikoresho by'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV, gukurikirana ingano y'ingufu uruganda rutanga, no kubika neza imicungire y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV.
(6) Abapima bagomba kuba bashobora gukora isesengura ry'ibanze ry'amakosa kuri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya PV. Bagomba kandi kumenyesha ishami ry'amashanyarazi ibijyanye n'iyo sitasiyo n'ishami ry'umwuga rishinzwe ibikorwa no kubungabunga amakosa kugira ngo akosorwe vuba.

2. Kwita ku bice by'umubiri
(1) Reba buri gihe module za PV n'insinga zagaragayeho ko nta bushyuhe bwakoreshejwe cyangwa ko nta ngaruka zangiritse ku buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Module n'udukingirizo bigomba guhuzwa neza, kandi udukingirizo tugomba gupfundikirwa neza. Iyo habonetse ikibazo, module igomba gukosorwa cyangwa guhindurwa ako kanya.
Muri iki gihe, module isa n'aho ikirahure cyacitse, agasanduku k'aho ihuriro ry'ibikoresho karagoranye, karahindagurika, karacitse, cyangwa karatwitswe, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ntishobora guhuzwa neza, n'ibindi.
(2) Komeza gusukura ubuso bw'ibikoresho bya PV. Niba hari ivumbi cyangwa urubura kuri module cyangwa iyo idasukuwe igihe kirekire, izakusanya ivumbi ku gice cyo hasi cy'izuba. Ibi bizatuma izunga ry'izuba risa n'aho rifite ibimenyetso by'umukara bikomeye n'uduheri imbere muri ryo, bizaribuza gukora umuriro ndetse bishobora no gutwika. Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gusukura, nko gukoresha intoki, gukoresha imbunda y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, icupa ryo gusukura, ibikoresho by'umwuga byo gusukura, n'ibindi.

Mu gusukura ibice, ugomba kwitondera ibi bikurikira:
01. Igihe cyo gusukura: ni byiza gusukura mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa nimugoroba, igihe urumuri rutari rukomeye cyane. Ibi biterwa nuko urumuri rw'izuba rudakomeye muri ibi bihe, bityo nta ngufu nyinshi zibura. Nanone, ugomba kwirinda gushyira igicucu cy'ubukorano ku mirasire y'izuba ku manywa kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka z'ubushyuhe buterwa n'urumuri rwinshi, rushobora kwangiza abantu.
02. Isuku: Isuku ishingiye ku mwanda w'ibice; ubusanzwe, bigomba gusukurwa rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu kwezi, ariko ahantu hari ivumbi hagomba gusukurwa kenshi uko bikenewe.
03. Menya neza ko uri mu mutekano: amaboliti n'ibice bifite impande nyinshi zityaye. Iyo urimo gusukura ibice, witondere cyane kugira ngo bitaguca inyuma.
04. Hanagura module ukoresheje igitambaro cyoroshye gisukuye.
05. Ntukanywe inyuma y'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba iyo woza uruhande rw'imbere.
06. Agasanduku k'imbuga n'agasanduku k'insinga by'iyi module ntibigomba gusukwaho amazi. Genzura umuvuduko w'amazi ukoresheje imbunda y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo wirinde ko habaho imiyoboro igoye kuyibona.
07. Gusukura module ya PV ntibyemewe mu gihe cy'ikirere kibi. Mu gihe cy'itumba, ubuso bwumye hakoreshejwe igitambaro nyuma yo gusukura. Gusukura ntibigomba kubaho mu gihe ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane kugira ngo budakonja.

3. Kubungabunga inverter
(1) Nta ngese, ivumbi ryiyongera, cyangwa ibindi bibazo kuri inverter.
(2) Inverter igomba kuba ahantu heza ho gukuraho ubushyuhe.
(3) Iyo transformateur ikora, nta rusaku rwinshi cyangwa imitingito ikomeye bigomba kubaho.
(4) Ibimenyetso by'inverter bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi bitamenetse.
(5) Umufana wa inverter ugomba kuba ushobora gutangiza no guhagarara wenyine, kandi ntugomba gukora urusaku rwinshi cyangwa guhindagura iyo urimo kugenda. Niba hari ikibazo, umuriro ugomba kuzimwa hanyuma ikibazo kigasuzumwa.
(6) Witondere cyane niba ubushyuhe, ijwi, cyangwa impumuro bya inverter bizimye. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo hanze buri hejuru ya 40 °C, hakwiye gufatwa ingamba zo kuyirinda gushyuha cyane no gutuma iramba.
(7) Niba igikorwa cy'umutekano gihagaritse inverter gukora, ugomba kumenya impamvu hanyuma ukayikosora mbere yo kongera gucana umuriro.
(8) Reba insinga muri buri gice cya inverter buri gihe kugira ngo urebe niba irimo gucika intege. Niba hari ikibazo ubonye, ​​gikosore ako kanya.
(9) Reba umurongo w'ingufu, ingufu zikoreshwa buri munsi mu gutanga ingufu, n'ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu binyuze muri transformateur. Koresha kode y'ikosa kugira ngo umenye ikibazo.

4. Gutunganya amasanduku yo gukwirakwiza
(1) Menya uburyo buri gikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gikora n'icyo gikoreshwa, kandi wibuke amakuru y'ingenzi kuri buri gikoresho kiri mu gasanduku ko gukwirakwiza.
(2) Agasanduku gakwirakwizwamo ibintu ntigakwiye kuba karimo ubusembwa, kangiritse, kadafite amazi asohoka, cyangwa ngo gakusanye ivumbi. Ibimenyetso by'umutekano biri inyuma y'agasanduku bigomba kuba byangiritse, kandi ingufuri iri ku gasanduku igomba kuba ishobora gufungurwa no gufungwa byoroshye.
(3) Akamashini gapima amashanyarazi kari mu gasanduku gatanga amakuru gakora neza; aho gahurira ntihagomba kuba hato, hameze ingese, cyangwa ngo habe hato. Nta majwi adasanzwe ava mu bikoresho, nta mpumuro ituruka aho bikoreshwa, kandi igipimisho n'igipimisho bigaragaza ubunini busanzwe.

5. Kubungabunga insinga n'ibihuza
(1) Mu gutangira, ni byiza ko insinga zigenzurwa rimwe mu kwezi.
(2) Insinga ntizigomba gukoreshwa iyo zirenze urugero, kandi ibyangiritse byose ku gice cy'insinga bigomba kwitabwaho ako kanya.
(3) Nta mwobo ugomba kuba uri mu nsinga winjira cyangwa usohoka mu bikoresho birengeje mm 10. Niba uhari, hagomba gukoreshwa ibyondo bidashobora gushya kugira ngo bizibwe.
(4) Insinga iri hagati y'imirongo ntigomba kugira imbaraga nyinshi kuri yo.
(5) Insinga igomba kuba ihambiriye neza kandi ntigomba kumanikwa gusa. Imbere mu muyoboro w’umutekano w’insinga igomba kuba ifite urukuta rworoshye, kandi umuyoboro w’insinga y’icyuma ntugomba kuba ufite ingese zikomeye, uduce duto, ibintu bikomeye, cyangwa imyanda.
(6) Kugira ngo insinga zikore neza, ingingo zigomba gufungwa neza. Iyo ingingo zangiritse, inverter igomba guhita izimwa, kandi izindi ngingo zifatanye nayo zigomba gukurwaho, kugira ngo ingingo zitazongera gucika.

6. Kwita ku dupfunyika
(1) Amabati yose n'ibifunga by'amabati bigomba kuba bikomeye kandi bikomeye.
(2) Igipfundikizo cy’ubushyuhe ku buso bw’agace k’ubushyinguro ntikigomba kwangirika cyangwa ngo gikureho. Iyo bigenze bityo, bigomba kongera gusigwa irangi ako kanya.
(3) Ingufu zigomba kuba zifite ubutaka bwiza, kandi sisitemu yo gufunga ikwiye kugenzurwa buri mwaka mbere y'uko ibihe by'imvura bitangira, cyane cyane kugira ngo harebwe neza ko aho ihurira hakomeye kandi ko hari aho ihurira neza.
(4) Nyuma y'inkubi z'umuyaga, inkubi y'umuyaga, n'ibindi bihe bibi, umurongo wa PV kare ugomba kugenzurwa wose kugira ngo harebwe niba waragoranye, warahindutse, cyangwa waracitse. Uduce dufata PV bracket ntitugomba kuba turekuye.
(5) Shyiramo agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gakoresha amashanyarazi ku gisenge cyakozwe mbere. Agasanduku gakwiye gushyirwa hasi neza kandi neza, kandi ntigakwiye kunyeganyega. Niba hasi h'agasanduku gafatanye n'igisenge, ugomba kugenzura kenshi uburyo igisenge kidakoresha amazi kugira ngo urebe neza ko cyuzuye kandi ko kizaramba.

7. Kurinda inkuba no kwita ku butaka buri gihe
(1) Sisitemu yo gufunga irangi irinda inkuba yasunikaga ahantu hari ingese, maze igice cy’irangi kigaragara gica hasi kigakurwaho mu gihe cyo gukuraho ingese n’irangi.
(2) Imiterere iri hagati y'ibice, udukingirizo, n'ubutaka n'urusobe rw'ubutaka ku gisenge igomba kuba ikomeye. Uruhande rwa PV kare rugomba kugira ubutaka buhoraho kandi bukomeye, kandi ubukana bw'ubutaka bugomba kuba munsi ya 4 Ω.
(3) Mbere y'uko igihe cy'inkuba gitangira, sisitemu yo gufunga ubutaka igomba gusuzumwa neza no kubungabungwa kugira ngo harebwe ko aho ihurira hakomeye kandi ko hari aho ihurira hameze neza. Ibibazo byose bigomba kuboneka hakiri kare kugira ngo bikosorwe. Module yo kurinda inkuba nayo igomba kugeragezwa, kandi module zose zigaragaye ko zangiritse zigomba gusimbuzwa ako kanya.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha no kubungabunga sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze
Akazi n'ubuvuzi
Uko ubukungu n'umuryango bikura, umutwaro w'amashanyarazi ukomeza kwiyongera. Umutwaro w'amashanyarazi nawo uhora utera imbere. Hariho imiyoboro myinshi ya kV 10, ari nayo miyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'akarere. Abantu benshi barushaho kubona amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa, kandi umutwaro w'imiyoboro ugenda uhinduka cyane. Kubera ko kohereza ari igice cy'ingenzi cyo gukurikirana imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imirimo yo gukurikirana iragenda irushaho kuba myinshi. Umukozi ushinzwe kohereza muri State Grid Henan Wenxian Power Supply Company ashinzwe gukurikirana imiyoboro 101 mu karere kose. Ubu ni ngombwa gushaka uburyo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umukozi ushinzwe kohereza ashobore gusobanukirwa vuba uburyo umuyoboro wa kV 10 ukora kandi agashaka kandi agakosora amakosa vuba.

01: Gutegura no gukurikirana impinduka:
Iyo bamaze gufata ubutegetsi, bagomba kugenzura imirongo no kugereranya umutwaro w'umunsi n'uwabanjirije uwo, haba hari impinduka zitunguranye cyangwa zitabayeho, kugira ngo bashobore gusesengura umutwaro no guhanura umutwaro mu gihe gito;
umurongo ku munsi mu gihe habayeho impinduka zitunguranye mu mutwaro ugomba kuboneka vuba ugajugunywa;
Iyo umuriro w'amashanyarazi ubuze ahantu hanini, umukozi ushinzwe kohereza umuriro agomba kubanza kugenzura umurongo w'amashanyarazi wo mu karere kugira ngo amenye aho ushobora kuba uri mu gihe yitaba telefoni kandi asubiza ibibazo by'umukiriya ku bijyanye n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi wabuze. Hanyuma agomba gufunga imikorere y'umurongo w'amashanyarazi akurikirana impinduka mu mutwaro ku mirongo myinshi.
Iyo habayeho ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi, umukozi ushinzwe kohereza umuriro agomba kureba imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi itandukanye muri ako gace kugira ngo amenye ishobora kuba yacitse kandi ayibone vuba mu gihe asubiza ibibazo by’abakiriya. iv. Reba uburyo imizigo ihinduka ku mirongo myinshi icyarimwe mu gihe umurongo urangiye. Iyo umukozi ushinzwe kohereza umuriro ari kureba gridi, akenshi agomba kureba imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi hanyuma akagereranya kugira ngo amenye imiyoboro idakora neza. Uko gridi ikura kandi imirongo myinshi ikongerwamo, kureba imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi bifata igihe kirekire, bigatuma umukozi ushinzwe kohereza umuriro afata igihe kirekire kugira ngo yige kandi afate umwanzuro ku makosa. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko wo gukosora amakosa vuba, kongera gukoresha umuriro ku bakoresha vuba bishoboka, kandi bishobora guteza ibibazo byihishe mu gusaba.

02. Iyo umukoresha akoresha ikarita y'urutonde rw'imizigo kugira ngo yongere imikorere myiza y'igenzura rye, ashobora kubona imibare y'icyatsi kibisi n'indabyo mu buryo bwo kugenzura sisitemu. Abakoresha b'inararibonye bashobora kubona imiterere y'umurongo bareba imibare, ariko abakoresha bashya bareba imibare gusa bashobora kubura igihe cyiza cyo guhangana n'impanuka, bityo kubona amakosa vuba ni ingenzi cyane. Ibi bibazo byose bishobora gukosorwa niba umurongo w'imizigo ugaragazwa mu gihe nyacyo.

03. Ibikoresho byo gukurikirana PV O&M bigomba gukoreshwa neza.
Gukoresha sisitemu yo gukurikirana PV O&M ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubona ibibazo mbere yuko bibaho. Ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu yo gukurikirana PV O&M ni sisitemu yo gukusanya no gukurikirana ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gucunga amakuru ya inverter O&M, na sisitemu yo gukurikirana amashusho yo hanze y'ubutaka. Gukusanya neza amakuru yo gupima amashanyarazi aturuka kuri smart meters ni uburyo busobanutse bwo kumenya amafaranga amashanyarazi ya PV ashobora kwinjiza mu kugabanya ubukene. Ayo makuru ashobora kandi gusesengurwa kugira ngo harebwe neza amashanyarazi no gucunga imikorere yayo no kuyasana.
Ku ruhande rumwe, sisitemu yo gukusanya no gucunga amakuru ya inverter ituma bishoboka kugenzura abashobora kugera kuri platform ya State Grid. Ku rundi ruhande, ni igice cy'ingenzi mu mikorere no kubungabunga neza.