Ungazi njani ukuba isikhululo samandla se-PV siye sahluleka ngamanyathelo amabini?
(1) Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwemeko yesikhululo samandla se-PV esenziwe ukuba senzeke yimitha yamandla ehlakaniphileyo: Imitha yamandla ehlakaniphileyo ibala idatha evela kwisikhululo samandla se-PV ukuze ibone ukuba kukho ingxaki kwindlela esebenza ngayo. Isikrini semitha yamandla sibonisa idatha malunga nokuveliswa kwamandla kwisikhululo samandla enokusetyenziswa ukujonga ukuba kukho amandla ombane.
(2) Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwemeko yesikhululo samandla se-PV ekusebenziseni i-inverter: ukubala inombolo ye-serial ye-inverter ngokubonisa idatha, ukufumana imeko yamandla yesikhululo samandla kunye nokuveliswa kombane, ukufumana imeko yokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla ngokujonga isibane sempazamo, kunye nokufumanisa kuqala uhlobo lwempazamo kunye nesizathu sayo ngokusekelwe kwikhowudi yempazamo. Olu lwazi kufuneka emva koko luthunyelwe kwiyunithi yokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa ngexesha, kwaye imisebenzi esisiseko kufuneka yenziwe ngokwemiyalelo.
1. Ukugcinwa kwentsimi
(1) Abasebenzi bayayicoca kabini ngenyanga, bacoce uthuli ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
(2) Jonga ukuba ucingo, iimpawu zokhuseleko, kunye neebhodi zezaziso zolwazi zisekwimeko entle na.
(3) Jonga izixhobo ezikwisikhululo samandla elanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba azilahleki, azinakonakala, okanye azibiwa. Abantu abangekho kubasebenzi akufuneki basondele kwi-photovoltaic arrays, kwaye iintaka, izilwanyana, okanye ezinye izinto zangaphandle kufuneka zityhalelwe kude zicocwe ngoko nangoko.
(4) Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukumamela nokubhala ingxelo yemozulu yemihla ngemihla ngexesha, kwaye ulungele iingozi kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okugcina isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic sikhuselekile.
(5) Hlala ujonge kwaye ubhale phantsi iiparameter zokusebenza kwezixhobo zesikhululo samandla se-PV, ulandelele ubungakanani bamandla esenziwa sisikhululo, kwaye ugcine irekhodi elungileyo lolawulo lwesikhululo samandla se-PV.
(6) Abavavanyi kufuneka bakwazi ukwenza uhlalutyo olusisiseko lweziphene kwisikhululo samandla se-PV. Bafanele bazise iyunithi ngesikhululo samandla kunye neyunithi yobuchwephesha yokusebenza nokulungisa ngeziphene ukuze zilungiswe ngokukhawuleza.
2. Ukunyamekela iinxalenye
(1) Jonga iimodyuli ze-PV kunye neengcingo ezivezwe ngaphandle ukuba azigugi kwaye azinamonakalo rhoqo. Iimodyuli kunye neebrakethi kufuneka zihlangane kakuhle, kwaye iibhloko zokucinezela mazivalwe kakuhle. Ukuba kufunyenwe ingxaki, imodyuli kufuneka ilungiswe okanye itshintshwe ngoko nangoko.
Kule meko, imodyuli ibonakala ngathi iglasi yaphukile, ibhokisi yokuxhuma igobile, ijijekile, iqhekekile, okanye itshile, iiterminal azinakuhlanganiswa kakuhle, njalo njalo.
(2) Gcina imiphezulu yeeyunithi ze-PV icocekile. Ukuba kukho uthuli okanye ikhephu kwimodyuli okanye ukuba ayicocwanga ixesha elide, iya kuqokelela uthuli kwicala elisezantsi lephaneli yelanga. Oku kuya kwenza iphaneli yelanga ibonakale ngathi ineempawu ezimnyama ezinkulu kunye namabala ashushu ngaphakathi kuyo, nto leyo eya kuyithintela ekubeni yenze umbane kwaye inokubangela nomlilo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucoca, njengokusebenzisa isandla, ngesibhamu samanzi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ibhotile yokutshiza, izixhobo zokucoca zobungcali, njalo njalo.
Xa ucoca iindawo, kufuneka uqaphele ezi zinto:
01. Ixesha lokucoca: kungcono ukucoca kusasa okanye ngokuhlwa kakhulu, xa ukukhanya kunganamandla kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukukhanya kwelanga kubuthathaka ngala maxesha, ngoko ke akukho lahleko ingako yamandla. Kwakhona, kufuneka uphephe ukufaka izithunzi ezenziweyo kwiiphaneli zelanga emini ukuze uphephe impembelelo yeendawo ezishushu ezibangelwa kukukhanya okunamandla, okunokuba yingozi ebantwini.
02. Umjikelo wokucoca: umjikelo wokucoca usekelwe ekubeni iindawo zingcolile kangakanani; ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka zicocwe kube kanye okanye kabini ngenyanga, kodwa iindawo ezinothuli kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo xa kufuneka.
03. Qinisekisa ukuba ukhuselekile: iibholiti kunye neenxalenye zineekona ezininzi ezibukhali. Xa ucoca iindawo, lumka kakhulu ukuba unganqunyulwa zezi kona.
04. Sula imodyuli ngelaphu elicocekileyo elithambileyo.
05. Musa ukumanzisa umva wephaneli yelanga xa uhlamba icala elingaphambili.
06. Ibhokisi yokuxhuma kunye netreyi yocingo yemodyuli akufuneki zitshizwe ngamanzi. Lawula uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngesibhamu samanzi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuze uphephe ukwenza imingxunya ekunzima ukuyibona.
07. Ukucoca imodyuli ye-PV akuvumelekanga xa imozulu imbi. Ebusika, umphezulu uyomiswa ngengubo emva kokucoca. Ukucoca akufuneki kwenzeke xa ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu ukuze umphezulu ungabanda.
3. Ukugcinwa kwe-inverter
(1) Akufanele kubekho mhlwa, ukuqokelelana kothuli, okanye ezinye iingxaki nge-inverter.
(2) I-inverter kufuneka ibe kwindawo elungileyo yokususa ubushushu.
(3) Xa i-transformer isebenza, akufuneki kubekho ingxolo enkulu okanye ukungcangcazela okukhulu.
(4) Iimpawu zesilumkiso ze-inverter mazibe ziphelele kwaye zingaphuki.
(5) Ifeni ye-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukuqala nokuma yodwa, kwaye akufuneki yenze ingxolo eninzi okanye ukungcangcazela xa ihamba. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, umbane kufuneka ucinywe kwaye ingxaki kufuneka ijongwe.
(6) Nika ingqalelo esondeleyo ukuze ubone ukuba ubushushu, isandi, okanye ivumba le-inverter alikho na. Xa ubushushu obungaphandle bungaphezulu kwama-40°C, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela ukuba ingaphuki ekutshiseni kakhulu kwaye ihlale ixesha elide.
(7) Ukuba isenzo sokhuseleko siyayimisa i-inverter ukuba ingasebenzi, kufuneka ufumane isizathu kwaye usilungise ngaphambi kokuba uvule umbane kwakhona.
(8) Jonga iingcingo kuzo zonke iindawo ze-inverter rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba ziyakhululeka na. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iingxaki, zilungise ngoko nangoko.
(9) Jonga i-power curve, amandla okuvelisa umbane emihla ngemihla, kunye namandla okuvelisa umbane ewonke nge-transformer. Sebenzisa ikhowudi yempazamo ukufumana ingxaki.
4. Ukugcinwa kweebhokisi zokusasazwa
(1) Funda indlela esebenza ngayo isixhobo ngasinye sombane kunye nokuba sisetyenziselwa ntoni, kwaye ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nesixhobo ngasinye kwibhokisi yokusasaza.
(2) Ibhokisi yokusasaza akufuneki iguqulwe, ibole, ivuza amanzi, okanye iqokelele uthuli. Iimpawu zesilumkiso sokhuseleko ezingaphandle kwebhokisi mazibe zilungile, kwaye isitshixo sebhokisi kufuneka sikwazi ukuvulwa nokuvalwa lula.
(3) Isixhobo sokwaphula isekethe kwibhokisi yokusasaza sisebenza kakuhle; uqhagamshelo akufuneki lube lukhululekileyo, lugqwalile, okanye lube lufiphale. Akukho zandi zingaqhelekanga ezivela kwizixhobo, akukho vumba livela kwindawo apho zisetyenziswa khona, kwaye imitha yokulinganisa neyokulinganisa ibonisa ukufundwa okuqhelekileyo.
5. Ukugcinwa kweentambo kunye nezihlanganisi
(1) Okokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba iingcingo zijongwe kube kanye ngenyanga.
(2) Iingcingo akufuneki zisetyenziswe xa zigcwele kakhulu, kwaye nawuphi na umonakalo kwi-cable sheath kufuneka ulungiswe ngoko nangoko.
(3) Akufuneki kubekho imingxunya kwintambo engena okanye ephumayo kwizixhobo ezinkulu kune-10 mm. Ukuba zikho, kufuneka kusetyenziswe udaka olungatshiyo ukuzivala.
(4) Intambo ephakathi kwemigca akufuneki ibe namandla amaninzi kuyo.
(5) Ucingo kufuneka lubotshelelwe phantsi ngokuqinileyo kwaye lungaxhonywanga nje apho. Ingaphakathi letyhubhu yokhuseleko lwentambo kufuneka libe nodonga olugudileyo, kwaye ityhubhu yentambo yesinyithi akufuneki ibe nayo nayiphi na inkunkuma enkulu, ii-burrs, izinto eziqinileyo, okanye inkunkuma kuyo.
(6) Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zichukumisa kakuhle, iijoyinti kufuneka zivalwe kakuhle. Ukuba iijoyinti ziyasilela, i-inverter kufuneka icinywe ngoko nangoko, kwaye nezinye iijoyinti ezidityaniswe nayo kufuneka ziqhawulwe, ukuze iijoyinti zingabi nakuphindwa ziqhekeke.
6. Ukunyamekela izibiyeli
(1) Zonke iibholithi kunye neekhonkco zebracket kufuneka zomelele kwaye ziqine.
(2) Isigqubuthelo sokuthintela ukugqwala kumphezulu wesibiyeli akufuneki siqhekeke okanye sixotyulwe. Ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka sipeyintwe kwakhona ngoko nangoko.
(3) I-stent kufuneka ihlale isekelwe kakuhle, kwaye inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ixesha leemvula ezinkulu, ikakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco liqinile kwaye unxibelelwano lulungile.
(4) Emva kweenkanyamba, izivuthuvuthu, kunye nenye imozulu embi, uluhlu lwesikwere se-PV kufuneka lujongwe lonke ukuze kubonwe ukuba lugobile, lutshintshile, okanye lukhululekile na. Amantongomane abambe i-PV bracket endaweni yawo akufuneki akhululeke.
(5) Faka ibracket ye-photovoltaic kwisiseko esenziwe kwangaphambili. Isiseko masibekwe phantsi kakuhle nangokucocekileyo, kwaye akufuneki sishukume. Ukuba umzantsi webracket unamathele eluphahleni, kufuneka ujonge rhoqo ukuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kophahla ukuqinisekisa ukuba lugcwele kwaye luya kuhlala ixesha elide.
7. Ukukhuselwa ngumbane kunye nokunakekelwa rhoqo komhlaba
(1) Inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba ekhusela umbane yayidibanisa indawo enomhlwa, kwaye inxalenye ebonakalayo yepeyinti yasuswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokususa umhlwa kunye nepeyinti.
(2) Unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo, iibrakethi, kunye nomhlaba kunye nenethiwekhi yokumisa uphahla kufuneka luqine. Uluhlu lwesikwere se-PV kufuneka lube nokumisa okuqhubekayo nokuqinileyo, kwaye ukumelana nokumisa uphahla kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-4 Ω.
(3) Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ixesha leemvula, inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba kufuneka ihlolwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye igcinwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelo luqinile kwaye unxibelelwano lulungile. Naziphi na iingxaki kufuneka zifunyanwe kwangethuba ukuze zilungiswe. Imodyuli yokukhusela umbane nayo kufuneka ivavanywe, kwaye naziphi na iimodyuli ezifunyenwe ziphukile kufuneka zitshintshwe ngoko nangoko.
Indlela yokusebenzisa nokugcina isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo
Umsebenzi kunye nokugcinwa
Njengoko uqoqosho kunye noluntu lukhula, umthwalo wegridi yamandla uyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Igridi yamandla nayo ihlala iphucuka. Kukho imigca ye-10 kV engaphezulu nangakumbi, eyiyona mbane iphambili kwigridi yamandla yesithili. Abantu abaninzi banokufikelela kwizixhobo zamandla ezisasazwayo, kwaye umthwalo wemigca uya utshintshatshintsha. Njengoko i-dispatch iyinxalenye ephambili yokujonga igridi, imisebenzi yokujonga iya isiba nzima. Umthumeli kwiState Grid Henan Wenxian Power Supply Company unoxanduva lokugcina iliso kwimigca ye-101 kulo lonke isithili. Ngoku kubalulekile ukufumanisa indlela yokwenza ukulandelela i-shift kube nempumelelo ngakumbi ukuze umthumeli akwazi ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza indlela esebenza ngayo intambo ye-10 kV kwaye afumane kwaye alungise iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza.
01: Ukucwangcisa nokulandelela iinguqu:
Xa sele bethathe izintambo, kufuneka bajonge imigca baze bathelekise umthwalo wosuku nosuku olungaphambili, nokuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo okanye olungenalo, ukuze bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi omhle wokuhlalutya umthwalo nokwenza uqikelelo lwexesha elifutshane malunga nomthwalo;
faka umgca ngosuku xa kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumthwalo ekufuneka ufunyanwe ngokukhawuleza uze ulahlwe;
Ukuba kukho ukucima kombane kwindawo enkulu, umntu othumela umbane kufuneka aqale ajonge i-multiple line load curve yombane wengingqi ukuze afumane umgca wempazamo onokwenzeka ngelixa ephendula ifowuni kwaye ephendula imibuzo yomthengi malunga nomgca we-offage. Emva koko kufuneka bavale umsebenzi we-loop ngelixa bejonga utshintsho kumthwalo kwimigca emininzi.
Ukuba kukho ukucima kombane okukhulu, umthumeli kuya kufuneka ajonge ii-load curves zemigca eyahlukeneyo yamandla kwindawo ukuze abone ukuba zeziphi ezinokuba zaphukile aze azifumane ngokukhawuleza ngelixa ephendula imibuzo yabathengi. iv. Jonga indlela umthwalo otshintsha ngayo kwimigca emininzi ngaxeshanye ngelixa i-loop iphela. Xa umthumeli ejonge igridi, uhlala kufuneka ajonge ii-line load curves aze azithelekise ukuze abone ukuba zeziphi imigca ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Njengoko igridi ikhula kwaye kongezwa eminye imigca, ukujonga i-load curve kuthatha ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umthumeli athathe ixesha elide ukuba afunde aze agqibe ngeempazamo. Oku kucothisa inkqubo yokulungisa iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza, ukubuyisela umbane kubasebenzisi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki ezifihlakeleyo ngezicelo.
02. Xa umthumeli esebenzisa imaphu yesalathisi somthwalo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubeka esweni kwakhe, unokubona amanani aluhlaza naneentyantyambo kujongano lokubeka esweni kwenkqubo. Abathumeli abanamava banokubona iimeko zomgca ngokujonga amanani, kodwa abathumeli abatsha abajonga amanani kuphela banokuphoswa lixesha elifanelekileyo lokujongana nengozi, ngoko ke ukufumana iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza kubaluleke kakhulu. Zonke ezi ngxaki zinokulungiswa ukuba ijika lomthwalo womgca lingaboniswa ngexesha langempela.
03. Izixhobo zokulandelela i-PV O&M kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokulandelela i-PV O&M yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Iindawo eziphambili zenkqubo yokujonga i-PV O&M yinkqubo yokuqokelela nokubeka iliso yemitha ekrelekrele, inkqubo yolawulo lwe-O&M yokuqokelela idatha ye-inverter, kunye nenkqubo yevidiyo yokubeka iliso ngaphandle kwentsimi. Ukuqokelela ngokuchanekileyo idatha yokulinganisa kwiimitha ezikrelekrele yindlela ecacileyo yokufumanisa ukuba ingakanani imali enokwenziwa zizikhululo zamandla ze-PV ukunceda ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu. Idatha ingahlalutywa ukuze kuhlolwe izitishi zamandla kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokulungiswa kwazo.
Kwelinye icala, inkqubo yokulawula ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwedatha ye-inverter yenza kube lula ukujonga ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kwiqonga leState Grid. Kwelinye icala, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza nokugcinwa okukrelekrele.
