I kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau ʻano nui o nā ʻenehana kelepona solar:
1. ʻenehana kelepona lā silicon kristal
ʻO kēia ka ʻenehana kelepona solar maʻamau i kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻelua mau māhele nui: mono-crystalline silicon a me poly-crystalline silicon.
ʻO Mono-crystalline Silicon (Mono-Si): ʻO nā panela i hana ʻia mai nā kristal silicon hoʻokahi e hāʻawi i ka pono kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 18%-22%), ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā panela Mono-Si ko lākou ʻano ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻano laumania like ma ka ʻili.
Poly-Silicon (Poly-Si a i ʻole Multi-Si): Nā panela i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana he nui o nā kristal silicon, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pono ma mua o ka silicon mono-crystalline (ma kahi o 15-17%), a emi ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau, he uliuli nā panela Poly-Si a he ʻili e like me nā ʻāpana i hui pū ʻia.
2. ʻenehana kelepona lā ʻili lahilahi
Hana ʻia nā pūnaewele solar ʻili lahilahi mai hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā papa o nā mea panela solar lahilahi.
ʻO Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): he ʻenehana cell solar ʻili lahilahi ia i emi ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka crystalline silicon (ma kahi o 6%-8%), akā hiki ke hana maikaʻi i nā kūlana kukui haʻahaʻa a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe): he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pono ma waena o nā ʻenehana ʻili lahilahi (ma kahi o 10-16%), a hiki ke hana nui ʻia me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke keleawe indium gallium selenide (CIGS): I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻenehana ʻili lahilahi hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa, me ka pono a hiki i ka 21% a ʻoi aku paha, akā me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia hana.
3. Nā ʻenehana kelepona solar kiʻekiʻe
Hāʻawi pinepine kēia mau ʻenehana i nā pono hoʻololi ikehu kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā aerospace a i ʻole nā mea kanu mana solar nui i kikowaena ʻia.
Nā Kelepona Hui Pū ʻIa: Hoʻokō ʻia ka pono kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa he nui o nā mea panela lā, e omo ana kēlā me kēia i kahi lōʻihi nalu like ʻole o ke kukui. Hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke loaʻa ka pono e like me 40%, akā he pipiʻi loa ia a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana lā noho a ʻoihana paha.
4. Nā ʻenehana hou a me nā ʻenehana hou
I ka holomua ʻana o ka noiʻi, ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā ʻenehana kelepona solar hou, e like me:
Nā Kelepona Lā Perovskite: Nā mea hou e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻano Perovskite me ka hiki ke hana pono loa a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, akā aia nō i ke kahua noiʻi hoʻokolohua a ʻaʻole i kūʻai ʻia ma ka pae nui.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻenehana ma lalo nei no nā ʻōnaehana solar noho:
ʻenehana silicon kristala:me ka silicon mono-crystalline (Mono-Si) a me ka silicon poly-crystalline (Poly-Si a i ʻole Multi-Si). ʻO kēia mau ʻenehana ʻelua nā ʻenehana cell solar maʻamau ma ka mākeke i kēia lā, me nā kaʻina hana i hōʻoia ʻia, nā pono hoʻololi ikehu kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hana hilinaʻi lōʻihi.
Keena lā mono-crystalline:Ua kaulana ka mono-crystalline solar cell no ko lākou lakio hoʻololi ikehu kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻule pinepine ana i loko o ka pae o 18% a 22%. Loaʻa i kēia mau panela ka hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka nui o ka uila ʻoiai ma nā wahi palena o ka hale. ʻOiai ke hele mai nei lākou me ke kumukūʻai mua kiʻekiʻe, i ka wā lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana mahalo i kā lākou pono kiʻekiʻe.
Nā panela lā Poly-crystalline:ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pono o nā panela solar poly-crystalline ma waena o 15% a me 17%. He koho kūpono kēia mau panela no nā ʻohana e makaʻala ana i nā lilo. He kūpono lākou i ke kālā a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he koho hoʻokele waiwai no ka poʻe e ʻimi nei e mālama i nā kumukūʻai.
ʻO ka ʻenehana o ke kelepona solar ʻili lahilahi:I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā panela silicon crystalline, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana solar thin-film i loko o ka ʻōnaehana solar noho. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā ia kāna noi ma nā kūlana kūikawā kikoʻī. ʻOiai kona hoʻohana palena ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho home maʻamau, he kuleana kona i kekahi mau hihia niche. Hāʻawi nā ʻenehana lahilahi-film (e like me CdTe a me CIGS) i nā kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa a me nā noi maʻalahi, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pono a lawe i kahi nui.
Ke ulu nei nā ʻenehana hou e like me nā cell solar chalcogenide i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana solar, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka mākeke solar home.
I ka hana maoli, ʻo ke koho ʻana o ka ʻenehana e pili pinepine ana i nā pono ikehu o ka home, ke kūlana o ka hale, ka waihona kālā, a me nā makemake no ka pono a me ka nani.
Ke ʻike nei nā panela solar mono-crystalline i ka piʻi ʻana o ke koi ma muli o ko lākou pono kupaianaha a me ke ʻano nani o waho ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hana ʻia ke koho kikoʻī ma ke ʻano o nā kulekele kākoʻo solar kūloko, nā kumukūʻai ikehu, a me nā huahana a me nā lawelawe a ka mea hoʻolako.
