Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom kev siv tshuab hnub ci tseem ceeb:
1. Kev siv tshuab hnub ci Crystalline silicon
Qhov no yog cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci feem ntau tam sim no, uas suav nrog ob pawg loj: mono-crystalline silicon thiab poly-crystalline silicon.
Mono-crystalline Silicon (Mono-Si): Cov vaj huam sib luag tsim los ntawm cov siv lead ua los ntawm silicon ib leeg muab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua (kwv yees li 18% -22%), txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau kim dua. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Mono-Si panels yog lawv cov tsos dub nrog cov qauv du zoo ib yam ntawm qhov chaw.
Poly-Silicon (Poly-Si lossis Multi-Si): Cov vaj huam sib luag ua los ntawm ntau daim silicon crystals, ua haujlwm tsawg dua li mono-crystalline silicon (kwv yees li 15-17%), thiab pheej yig dua. Cov vaj huam sib luag Poly-Si feem ntau yog xim xiav thiab muaj qhov chaw zoo li cov khoom sib dhos ua ke.
2. Kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci nyias nyias
Cov hlwb hnub ci nyias nyias yog ua los ntawm ib lossis ntau txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hnub ci nyias nyias.
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): yog ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci uas siv cov zaj duab xis nyias nyias uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li crystalline silicon (kwv yees li 6% -8%), tab sis nws ua tau zoo dua hauv qhov chaw tsaus ntuj thiab pheej yig dua.
Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe): muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm cov thev naus laus zis nyias-zaj duab xis (kwv yees li 10-16%), thiab tuaj yeem tsim ntau nrog tus nqi qis.
Tooj liab indium gallium selenide (CIGS): Tam sim no suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis nyias nyias uas muaj kev cia siab tshaj plaws, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo txog li 21% lossis ntau dua, tab sis nrog cov nqi siab thiab cov teeb meem tsim khoom.
3. Cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci ua haujlwm tau zoo
Cov thev naus laus zis no feem ntau muab cov txiaj ntsig hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab dua ntawm cov nqi siab dua thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv aerospace lossis cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci loj hauv nruab nrab.
Cov Cell Sib Txuas Ntau: Kev ua haujlwm zoo yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ntau txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hnub ci, txhua txheej nqus cov nthwv dej sib txawv ntawm lub teeb. Cov thev naus laus zis no yuav muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo txog li 40%, tab sis kim heev thiab feem ntau tsis siv rau hauv cov tsev nyob lossis cov lag luam hnub ci.
4. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab tshiab
Raws li kev tshawb fawb nce qib, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm lub hnub ci tau tsim tawm, xws li:
Cov Roj Teeb Hnub Ci Perovskite: Cov khoom siv tshiab siv cov qauv Perovskite nrog lub peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo heev thiab tus nqi qis, tab sis tseem nyob rau theem kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj thiab tseem tsis tau muag rau ntau qhov chaw.
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov thev naus laus zis hauv qab no feem ntau yog siv rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsev:
Cov txheej txheem crystalline silicon:suav nrog mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si) thiab poly-crystalline silicon (Poly-Si lossis Multi-Si). Ob lub thev naus laus zis no yog cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no, nrog rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom pov thawj, kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev txhim khu kev qha.
Lub hnub ci monocrystalline:Lub hnub ci mono-crystalline muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab, feem ntau poob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 18% txog 22%. Cov vaj huam sib luag no muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua txawm tias nyob hauv thaj chaw tsawg ntawm lub ru tsev. Txawm hais tias lawv tuaj nrog tus nqi pib siab dua, dhau lub sijhawm ntev, lawv tuaj yeem muab cov zis hluav taws xob zoo dua vim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci polycrystalline:Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci poly-crystalline muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo li ntawm 15% thiab 17%. Cov vaj huam sib luag no yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig rau cov tsev neeg uas xav txog kev siv nyiaj. Lawv pheej yig thiab ua haujlwm ua qhov kev xaiv pheej yig rau cov neeg uas tab tom nrhiav kev txuag nyiaj.
Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov roj teeb nyias nyias:Thaum piv rau cov vaj huam sib luag crystalline silicon, cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci nyias-zaj duab tsis siv dav hauv lub tsev hnub ci. Txawm li cas los xij, nws pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv qee qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias nws siv tsawg hauv kev teeb tsa hauv tsev, nws ua lub luag haujlwm hauv qee kis niche. Cov thev naus laus zis nyias-zaj duab (xws li CdTe thiab CIGS) muab cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua thiab cov ntawv thov hloov pauv tau, tab sis feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm zoo thiab siv chaw ntau dua.
Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li chalcogenide lub hnub ci hlwb kuj tau txais kev txhawb nqa thaum kev lag luam hnub ci loj hlob, tab sis lawv tseem tsis tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam hnub ci hauv tsev.
Hauv kev xyaum ua, kev xaiv cov thev naus laus zis feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov xav tau hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev, qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub ru tsev, cov peev nyiaj, thiab kev nyiam kom ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab zoo nkauj.
Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci mono-crystalline tab tom pom tias muaj kev thov ntau ntxiv vim lawv qhov ua tau zoo thiab zoo nkauj sab nraud hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai pab nyiaj hnub ci hauv zos, cov nqi zog, thiab cov khoom lag luam thiab cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus neeg muab kev pabcuam.
