Muri iki gihe, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bw'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gupima imirasire y'izuba:
1. Ikoranabuhanga rya silicone y'izuba mu ikoranabuhanga rya crystalline
Ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya selile z'izuba, burimo ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi: siliconi imwe-crystalline na siliconi ya poly-crystalline.
Silikoni ya Mono-crystalline (Mono-Si): Uduce twakozwe muri kristu imwe ya silikoni dutanga umusaruro mwinshi (hafi 18%-22%), nubwo dukunze kuba duhenze cyane. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ku duce twa Mono-Si ni uko imiterere yatwo y’umukara ifite imiterere isa neza ku buso.
Poly-Silicon (Poly-Si cyangwa Multi-Si): Uduce twakozwe n'uduce twinshi twa kristu za silikoni, tudakora neza cyane ugereranyije na silicon ya mono-crystalline (hafi 15-17%), kandi duhendutse. Uduce twa Poly-Si akenshi tuba dufite ibara ry'ubururu kandi dufite ubuso busa n'uduce twashyizwe hamwe.
2. Ikoranabuhanga rya selile z'izuba zikozwe mu buryo bwa "thin-film"
Uturemangingo tw’izuba dukozwe mu buryo buciriritse dukozwe mu ruhu rumwe cyangwa nyinshi z’ibikoresho by’izuba bito.
Silicone itagira imiterere y’izuba (a-Si): ni ikoranabuhanga ry’uturemangingo tw’izuba duto cyane, tudakora neza nka silicone ikozwe muri kristale (hafi 6%-8%), ariko ishobora gukora neza mu bihe by’urumuri ruto kandi ku giciro gito.
Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe) : ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya thin-film (hafi 10-16%), kandi ishobora gukorwa ku bwinshi ku giciro gito.
Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS): Ubu ifatwa nk'imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ritanga icyizere cyane mu gukora ibyuma bito, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora kugeza kuri 21% cyangwa birenga, ariko ifite ibiciro biri hejuru cyane n'ingorane mu gukora.
3. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikora neza cyane
Ubusanzwe izi koranabuhanga zitanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu ku giciro cyo hejuru kandi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu by’ikirere cyangwa mu nganda nini zikoresha imirasire y’izuba.
Utunyangingo twinshi: Ubushobozi buhanitse bugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibice byinshi by'ibikoresho bya solaire, buri kimwe kikinjiza urumuri mu buryo butandukanye. Ubu buryo bushobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gukora kugeza kuri 40%, ariko burahenze cyane kandi ntibukunze gukoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba yo mu ngo cyangwa mu bucuruzi.
4. Ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi rigezweho
Uko ubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere, ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’uturemangingo tw’izuba ririmo gutezwa imbere, nka:
Uturemangingo tw’izuba twa Perovskite: Ibikoresho bishya bikoresha imiterere ya Perovskite bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane kandi bihendutse, ariko biracyari mu rwego rw’ubushakashatsi muri laboratwari kandi ntibiragurishwa ku rwego runini.
Muri Amerika, ikoranabuhanga rikurikira rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro y'izuba yo mu ngo:
Ikoranabuhanga rya silikoni ikoze mu buryo bwa kristalo:harimo siliconi ya mono-crystalline (Mono-Si) na siliconi ya poly-crystalline (Poly-Si cyangwa Multi-Si). Izi koranabuhanga ebyiri nizo zikoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya selile z'izuba ku isoko muri iki gihe, zifite uburyo bwo gukora buzwi, ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu nyinshi, hamwe n'imikorere yizewe mu gihe kirekire.
Seli y'izuba ya mono-crystalline:Selile y'izuba ya mono-crystalline izwiho kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu nyinshi, ubusanzwe ikaba iri hagati ya 18% na 22%. Izi paneli zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amashanyarazi menshi ndetse no mu bisenge bike. Nubwo ziza zifite ikiguzi kinini mbere, mu gihe kirekire, zishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo buhanitse.
Paneli z'izuba za poly-crystalline:Ibyuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza buri hagati ya 15% na 17%. Ibi byuma ni amahitamo meza ku ngo zizirikana amafaranga zikoresha. Bihendutse kandi ni amahitamo ahendutse ku bashaka kuzigama amafaranga.
Ikoranabuhanga rya selile y'izuba ifite agace gato:Ugereranije na paneli za silikoni zikozwe muri kristali, ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba rya thin-film ntabwo rikoreshwa cyane mu mirasire y’izuba yo mu ngo. Ariko, rikoreshwa mu bihe byihariye byihariye. Nubwo rikoreshwa gake mu miterere isanzwe yo mu rugo, rigira uruhare mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’ingenzi. Ikoranabuhanga rya thin-film (nka CdTe na CIGS) ritanga ikiguzi gito cyo gukora no gukoresha mu buryo bworoshye, ariko ubusanzwe ridakora neza kandi rifata umwanya munini.
Ikoranabuhanga riri kuzamuka nka chalcogenide solar cells naryo ririmo kwiyongera uko inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigenda zikura, ariko ntabwo rirakoreshwa cyane ku isoko ry'izuba ryo mu ngo.
Mu by’ukuri, guhitamo ikoranabuhanga akenshi biterwa n’ingufu urugo rukenera, imiterere y’igisenge, ingengo y’imari, n’ibyo rukunda mu bijyanye n’imikorere myiza n’ubwiza.
Ingufu z'izuba zikoresha imirasire y'izuba imwe zirimo kwiyongera bitewe n'imikorere yazo itangaje kandi zigaragara neza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ariko, hakwiye gufatwa amahitamo yihariye mu rwego rwa politiki zo gutanga inkunga ku mirasire y'izuba mu gace zikoreramo, ikiguzi cy'ingufu, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa na serivisi by'abatanga izo serivisi.
