Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zetekhnoloji yeseli yelanga:
1. Itekhnoloji yeeseli zelanga ze-silicon ezikristali
Le yeyona teknoloji ixhaphakileyo yeeseli zelanga okwangoku, equka iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: i-mono-crystalline silicon kunye ne-poly-crystalline silicon.
I-Mono-crystalline Silicon (i-Mono-Si): Iiphaneli ezenziwe ngeekristale ze-silicon enye zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu (malunga ne-18%-22%), nangona zihlala zibiza kakhulu. Uphawu oluphambili lweephaneli ze-Mono-Si kukubonakala kwazo okumnyama kunye nokwakheka okugudileyo okufanayo kumphezulu.
I-Poly-Silicon (i-Poly-Si okanye i-Multi-Si): Iiphaneli ezenziwe ngamaqhekeza amaninzi eekristale ze-silicon, ezingasebenzi kakuhle kune-mono-crystalline silicon (malunga ne-15-17%), kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Iiphaneli ze-Poly-Si zihlala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zinomphezulu obonakala njengeziqwenga ezidityanisiweyo.
2. Itekhnoloji yeeseli zelanga ezibhityileyo
Iiseli zelanga ezibhityileyo zenziwe ngomaleko omnye okanye ngaphezulu wezinto ezibhityileyo zeephaneli zelanga.
I-Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): yiteknoloji yeseli yelanga ethambileyo engasebenzi kakuhle kune-crystalline silicon (malunga ne-6%-8%), kodwa inokwenza ngcono kwiimeko eziphantsi kokukhanya kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi.
I-Cadmium Tellurium(CdTe) : inamandla aphezulu phakathi kobuchwepheshe befilimu encinci (malunga ne-10-16%), kwaye inokwenziwa ngobuninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi.
I-Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS): Okwangoku ithathwa njengenye yezona teknoloji zithembisayo zefilimu encinci, esebenza kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-21% nangaphezulu, kodwa ineendleko eziphezulu kunye nobunzima bokuvelisa.
3. Ubuchwepheshe beeseli zelanga ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu
Ezi teknoloji zihlala zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula amandla ngexabiso eliphezulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla elanga okanye kwiindawo ezinkulu ezisebenza ngelanga.
Iiseli Ezinezihlanganisi Ezininzi: Ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iileya ezininzi zezinto zephaneli zelanga, nganye ifunxa ubude obahlukeneyo bokukhanya. Le teknoloji inokuba nokusebenza kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%, kodwa ibiza kakhulu kwaye ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zelanga ezihlala abantu okanye zorhwebo.
4. Iitekhnoloji ezintsha nezintsha
Njengoko uphando luqhubeka, kuphuhliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha beeseli zelanga, obufana noku:
Iiseli zelanga zePerovskite: Izixhobo ezintsha ezisebenzisa isakhiwo sePerovskite esinokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye singabizi kakhulu, kodwa zisesekwinqanaba lophando lwelabhoratri kwaye azikathengiswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
E-US, ezi teknoloji zilandelayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zelanga ezihlala abantu:
Itekhnoloji ye-silicon yekristale:kuquka i-silicon e-mono-crystalline (i-Mono-Si) kunye ne-silicon e-poly-crystalline (i-Poly-Si okanye i-Multi-Si). Ezi teknoloji zimbini zezona teknoloji zixhaphakileyo zeeseli zelanga kwimarike namhlanje, zineenkqubo zokuvelisa eziqinisekisiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula amandla, kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwexesha elide.
Iseli yelanga e-mono-crystalline:I-Mono-crystalline solar cell yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwamandla aphezulu, idla ngokuwela phakathi kwe-18% ukuya kwi-22%. Ezi paneli zinamandla okuvelisa umbane omninzi nakwiindawo ezinophahla oluncinci. Nangona ziza nexabiso eliphezulu lokuqala, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zinokubonelela ngombane ophuculweyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle.
Iiphaneli zelanga zePoly-crystalline:Iiphaneli zelanga zePoly-crystalline zinobude bokusebenza obuphakathi kwe-15% ne-17%. Ezi paneli ziyindlela engabizi kakhulu kumakhaya aqaphela iindleko. Zinomoya wokuhlawula kwaye zisebenza njengokhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwabo bafuna ukonga imali kwiindleko.
Itekhnoloji yeseli yelanga ethambileyo:Xa kuthelekiswa neephaneli ze-silicon ezikristale, iteknoloji yelanga ethambileyo ayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yelanga yokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo. Nangona ingasetyenziswa kangako kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuseta ikhaya, idlala indima kwiimeko ezithile. Iitekhnoloji ze-Thin-film (ezifana ne-CdTe kunye ne-CIGS) zibonelela ngeendleko eziphantsi zemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo, kodwa zihlala zingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zithatha indawo engakumbi.
Iitekhnoloji ezintsha ezifana neeseli zelanga ze-chalcogenide nazo ziya zikhula njengoko ishishini lelanga likhula, kodwa azikasetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yelanga yasekhaya.
Enyanisweni, ukhetho lwetekhnoloji ludla ngokuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zamandla zendlu, imeko yophahla, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo ukuze kubekho ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobuhle.
Iiphaneli zelanga ezi-mono-crystalline zibona ukwanda kwemfuno ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle kunye nokubonakala kwazo okukhangayo eMelika. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho oluthile kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso yelanga yasekuhlaleni, iindleko zamandla, kunye neemveliso kunye neenkonzo zomboneleli.
