Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bamaseli elanga:
1. Ubuchwepheshe bamaseli elanga e-silicon acwebezelayo
Lobu ubuchwepheshe bamaseli elanga obuvame kakhulu njengamanje, obuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: i-mono-crystalline silicon kanye ne-poly-crystalline silicon.
I-Mono-crystalline Silicon (i-Mono-Si): Amaphaneli akhiqizwa ngamakristalu e-silicon angawodwa anikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu (cishe u-18%-22%), yize evame ukubiza kakhulu. Isici esivelele samaphaneli e-Mono-Si ukubukeka kwawo okumnyama okunokwakheka okubushelelezi okufanayo ebusweni.
I-Poly-Silicon (i-Poly-Si noma i-Multi-Si): Amaphaneli enziwe ngezingcezu eziningi zamakristalu e-silicon, asebenza kahle kancane kune-mono-crystalline silicon (cishe i-15-17%), futhi angabizi kakhulu. Amaphaneli e-Poly-Si avame ukuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi anobuso obubukeka njengezingcezu ezihlanganisiwe.
2. Ubuchwepheshe bamaseli elanga anombala omncane
Amaseli elanga acwebezelayo enziwe ngeleveli eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yamaphaneli elanga acwebezelayo.
I-Silicon Engenasimo (a-Si): ubuchwepheshe be-solar cell obuncane obusebenza kahle kakhulu kune-silicon ekristalu (cishe u-6%-8%), kodwa bungenza kangcono ezimweni eziphansi futhi ngezindleko eziphansi.
I-Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe) : inamandla aphezulu phakathi kobuchwepheshe befilimu encane (cishe i-10-16%), futhi ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngentengo ephansi.
I-Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS): Okwamanje ibhekwa njengenye yezobuchwepheshe obuthembisayo kakhulu befilimu encane, esebenza kahle kuze kufike ku-21% noma ngaphezulu, kodwa inezindleko eziphakeme kanye nobunzima bokukhiqiza.
3. Ubuchwepheshe bamaseli elanga obusebenza kahle kakhulu
Lezi zobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile zinikeza ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuphezulu ngezindleko eziphakeme futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindizeni noma ezitshalweni zamandla elanga ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe.
Amaseli Anezixhumo Eziningi: Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi zezinto zamaphaneli elanga, ngalinye limunca ubude obuhlukile bokukhanya kwamagagasi. Lobu buchwepheshe bungaba nokusebenza kahle okufika ku-40%, kodwa bubiza kakhulu futhi abuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zelanga zokuhlala noma zezentengiselwano.
4. Ubuchwepheshe obusha nobusha
Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha bamaseli elanga, njengalawa:
Amaseli Elanga asePerovskite: Izinto ezintsha ezisebenzisa isakhiwo sePerovskite esinamandla okusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ezingabizi kakhulu, kodwa zisesesigabeni sokucwaninga ngelebhu futhi azikathengiswa ngezinga elikhulu.
E-US, ubuchwepheshe obulandelayo busetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zelanga zokuhlala:
Ubuchwepheshe be-silicon obuyikristali:kufaka phakathi i-silicon e-mono-crystalline (i-Mono-Si) kanye ne-silicon e-poly-crystalline (i-Poly-Si noma i-Multi-Si). Lezi zobuchwepheshe ezimbili ziwubuchwepheshe obuvame kakhulu bamaseli elanga emakethe namuhla, ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezifakazelwe, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside.
Iseli lelanga eli-mono-crystalline:Iseli lelanga eliyi-mono-crystalline lidume ngezilinganiso zalo zokuguqulwa kwamandla aphezulu, ngokuvamile liwela phakathi kuka-18% kuya ku-22%. Lawa maphaneli anekhono lokukhiqiza ugesi omningi ngisho nasezindaweni ezinophahla olulinganiselwe. Nakuba eza nezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anganikeza ukukhishwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle kakhulu.
Amaphaneli elanga e-poly-crystalline:Amaphaneli elanga e-poly-crystalline anesikhathi sokusebenza kahle esiphakathi kuka-15% no-17%. Lawa maphaneli ayisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu emindenini eqaphela izindleko. Anesabelomali esincane futhi asebenza njengenketho engabizi kulabo abafuna ukonga ezindleleni.
Ubuchwepheshe be-thin-film solar cell:Uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaneli e-silicon acwebezelayo, ubuchwepheshe belanga obunefilimu encane abusetshenziswa kabanzi ohlelweni lwelanga lwezindlu. Kodwa-ke, buthola ukusetshenziswa kwabo ezimweni ezithile ezikhethekile. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ekusethweni kwekhaya okuvamile, budlala indima ezimweni ezithile ezikhethekile. Ubuchwepheshe be-Thin-film (njenge-CdTe kanye ne-CIGS) bunikeza izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo, kodwa ngokuvamile abusebenzi kahle futhi buthatha isikhala esiningi.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana namaseli elanga e-chalcogenide nawo athola ukuthandwa njengoba imboni yelanga ikhula, kodwa awakasetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe yelanga yasekhaya.
Empeleni, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe kuvame ukuncika ezidingweni zamandla zendlu, isimo sophahla, isabelomali, kanye nezintandokazi zokusebenza kahle kanye nobuhle.
Amaphaneli elanga e-mono-crystalline abona ukwanda kwesidingo ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okumangalisayo kanye nokubukeka kwawo kwangaphandle okukhangayo e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha okukhethekile kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezinqubomgomo zoxhaso lwelanga lendawo, izindleko zamandla, kanye nemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zomhlinzeki.
