I tēnei wā, he maha ngā momo matua o ngā hangarau pūtau solar matua:
1. Hangarau pūtau rā silicon tioata
Koinei te hangarau pūtau rā tino rongonui i tēnei wā, e rua ngā wāhanga matua: te silicon mono-crystalline me te silicon poly-crystalline.
Hiraka Mono-Crystalline (Mono-Si): Ko ngā panera i hangaia mai i ngā tioata silicon takitahi ka nui ake te whai huatanga (tata ki te 18%-22%), ahakoa he nui ake te utu. Ko te āhuatanga motuhake o ngā panera Mono-Si ko tō rātou āhua pango me te kakano maeneene ōrite i runga i te mata.
Poly-Silicon (Poly-Si, Multi-Si rānei): He panera i hangaia mai i ngā konganuku tioata silicon maha, he iti ake te pai o te mahi i te silicon mono-crystalline (tata ki te 15-17%), ā, he iti ake te utu. He kikorangi te tae o ngā panera Poly-Si, ā, he rite te mata ki ngā konganuku kua honoa.
2. Hangarau pūtau rā angiangi
He mea hanga ngā pūtau rā angiangi mai i tētahi, neke atu rānei, o ngā paparanga angiangi o ngā panera rā.
Ko te Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): he hangarau pūtau rā kiriata angiangi e kore e tino whai hua i te crystalline silicon (tata ki te 6%-8%), engari ka pai ake te mahi i ngā āhuatanga mārama iti, me te utu iti iho.
He tino pai te whai huatanga o te Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe) i roto i ngā hangarau kiriata angiangi (tata ki te 10-16%), ā, ka taea te hanga papatipu me te utu iti.
Te parahi indium gallium selenide (CIGS): E kiia ana i tēnei wā ko tētahi o ngā hangarau kiriata angiangi tino whai hua, me te whai huatanga tae atu ki te 21% neke atu rānei, engari he nui ngā utu me ngā uauatanga hanga.
3. Ngā Hangarau Pūtau Rā Tino Pai
He nui ake te pai o te hurihanga pūngao e tukuna ana e ēnei hangarau i ngā utu nui ake, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare rererangi, i ngā tipu hiko pūngao rā nui rānei.
Ngā Pūtau Hononga Maha: Ka tutuki te whai huatanga nui mā te whakamahi i ngā paparanga maha o ngā rauemi panera rā, e mimiti ana i te roanga ngaru mārama rerekē i ia paparanga. Tērā pea ka eke te whai huatanga o tēnei hangarau ki te 40%, engari he tino utu nui, ā, kāore i te whakamahia i roto i ngā pūnaha rā kāinga, arumoni rānei.
4. Ngā hangarau hou me ngā hangarau auaha
I te whanaketanga o ngā rangahau, kei te whakawhanakehia ngā hangarau pūtau-rā hou, pēnei i:
Ngā Pūtau Rā Perovskite: He rauemi hou e whakamahi ana i te hanganga Perovskite me te kaha tino whai hua me te utu iti, engari kei roto tonu i te wāhanga rangahau taiwhanga, ā, kāore anō kia hokohokohia i runga i te tauine nui.
I te US, ko ngā hangarau e whai ake nei e whakamahia ana mō ngā pūnaha pūngao rā mō ngā whare noho:
Hangarau silicon tioata:tae atu ki te silicon mono-crystalline (Mono-Si) me te silicon poly-crystalline (Poly-Si, Multi-Si rānei). Ko ēnei hangarau e rua ngā hangarau pūtau solar tino noa i te mākete i ēnei rā, me ngā tukanga hanga kua whakamātauhia, te pai o te hurihanga pūngao, me te mahi pono mo te wā roa.
Pūtau rā kotahi-kiriata:E mōhiotia ana te pūtau hiko pūngao kotahi-kiriata mō ōna ōwehenga whakawhiti pūngao teitei, i te nuinga o te wā ka taka ki te awhe 18% ki te 22%. Kei ēnei panera te kaha ki te whakaputa hiko nui ake ahakoa i roto i ngā wāhi tuanui iti. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga, i roto i te wā roa, ka taea e rātou te tuku putanga hiko whakarei ake nā te mea he pai ake te mahi.
Ngā panera rā poly-crystalline:Ko te roanga o te whai huatanga o ngā panera rā poly-crystalline kei waenganui i te 15% me te 17%. He kōwhiringa whai hua ēnei panera mō ngā whare e aro nui ana ki ngā whakapaunga. He pai te tahua, ā, he kōwhiringa ohanga hoki mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te penapena utu.
Te hangarau o te pūtau rā kiriata-angiangi:Ki te whakaritea ki ngā panera silicon tioata, kāore i te tino whānuitia te whakamahinga o te hangarau pūngao rā angiangi i roto i te pūnaha pūngao rā kāinga. Heoi, ka kitea tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ahakoa te iti o tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā whare noa, he wāhi nui tōna i roto i ētahi take motuhake. He iti ake ngā utu whakaputa me ngā tono ngāwari a ngā hangarau pūngao angiangi (pēnei i te CdTe me te CIGS), engari he iti ake te whai huatanga, ā, he nui ake te wāhi e nohoia ana.
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā hangarau hou pēnei i ngā pūtau pūngao chalcogenide i te tipu haere o te umanga pūngao rā, engari kāore anō kia whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te mākete pūngao rā mō ngā kāinga.
I roto i te mahi, ko te whiriwhiri i te hangarau e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hiahia hiko o te whare, te āhua o te tuanui, te tahua, me ngā manakohanga mō te whai huatanga me te ataahua.
Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā panera rā kotahi-kiriata nā te mea he tino whai hua, he ātaahua hoki te āhua o waho i te Hononga o Amerika. Heoi, me whiriwhiri motuhake i roto i te horopaki o ngā kaupapa here tautoko ā-rohe mō te rā, ngā utu pūngao, me ngā hua me ngā ratonga a te kaiwhakarato.
