Parizvino, kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzematekinoroji makuru emagetsi ezuva:
1. Tekinoroji yemasero ezuva esilicon akagadzirwa nekristalline
Iyi ndiyo tekinoroji inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira maseru ezuva, inosanganisira mapoka maviri makuru: mono-crystalline silicon uye poly-crystalline silicon.
Mono-crystalline Silicon (Mono-Si): Mapaneru anogadzirwa kubva kumakristaro esilicon rimwe chete anopa kushanda kwepamusoro (anenge 18%-22%), kunyange zvazvo achiwanzodhura zvakanyanya. Chinhu chikuru chemapaneru eMono-Si chitarisiko chawo chitema chine magadzirirwo akafanana pamusoro.
Poly-Silicon (Poly-Si kana Multi-Si): Mapaneru akagadzirwa nezvidimbu zvakawanda zvemakristaro esilicon, asingashande zvakanyanya pane mono-crystalline silicon (inenge 15-17%), uye asingadhuri zvakanyanya. Mapaneru ePoly-Si anowanzo kuve neruvara rwebhuruu uye ane pamusoro unotaridzika sezvidimbu zvakabatanidzwa.
2. Tekinoroji yemasero ezuva akatetepa
Masero ezuva akatetepa anogadzirwa kubva pane rimwe kana kupfuura rejira remapaneru ezuva akatetepa.
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): tekinoroji yemagetsi ezuva ine firimu rakatetepa isingashande zvakanaka se crystalline silicon (inenge 6%-8%), asi inogona kushanda zviri nani mumamiriro ekunze asina chiedza uye nemutengo wakaderera.
Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe): ine mashandiro akanaka pakati pematekinoroji efirimu rakatetepa (anenge 10-16%), uye inogona kugadzirwa zvakanyanya nemutengo wakaderera.
Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS): Parizvino inoonekwa seimwe yetekinoroji dzinonyanya kuvimbisa dzemafirimu matete, ine kushanda zvakanaka kusvika ku21% kana kupfuura, asi ine mitengo yakakwira uye kuoma kwekugadzira.
3. Tekinoroji yemagetsi ezuva anoshanda zvakanyanya
Matekinoroji aya anowanzo batsira pakushandura simba zvakanyanya uye anonyanya kushandiswa muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvemuchadenga kana zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa simba rezuva.
Masero Anobatanidza Mazhinji: Kushanda nesimba kunowanikwa nekushandisa machira akawanda e solar panels, rimwe nerimwe richitora kureba kwakasiyana kwechiedza. Iyi tekinoroji inogona kushanda zvakanaka kusvika pa40%, asi inodhura zvikuru uye haiwanzo shandiswa mumagetsi ezuva emudzimba kana emabhizimisi.
4. Tekinoroji dziri kusimukira uye itsva
Sezvo tsvakurudzo ichifambira mberi, matekinoroji matsva emagetsi ezuva ari kugadzirwa, akadai se:
Masero Ezuva ePerovskite: Zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshandisa chimiro chePerovskite zvine simba guru uye mutengo wakaderera, asi zvichiri muchikamu chekutsvagisa murabhoritari uye hazvisati zvatengeswa zvakanyanya.
MuUS, matekinoroji anotevera anonyanya kushandiswa kune masisitimu ezuva edzimba:
Tekinoroji yesilicon yekristalline:kusanganisira mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si) uye poly-crystalline silicon (Poly-Si kana Multi-Si). Matekinoroji maviri aya ndiwo matekinoroji akajairika emagetsi ezuva pamusika nhasi, ane maitiro ekugadzira akaedzwa, mashandiro ekushandura simba zvakanyanya, uye mashandiro akavimbika kwenguva refu.
Sero rezuva reMono-crystalline:Masero ezuva eMono-crystalline anozivikanwa nekuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi, anowanzova pakati pe18% kusvika 22%. Mapaneru aya ane simba rekugadzira magetsi akawanda kunyangwe munzvimbo dzisina denga rakawanda. Kunyangwe achiuya nemutengo wakakwira wekutanga, nekufamba kwenguva, anogona kupa simba rakawanda nekuda kwekushanda kwawo zvakanaka.
Mapaneru ezuva ane makristalline akawanda:Mapaneru ezuva ePoly-crystalline ane hurefu hwekushanda hunosvika pakati pe15% ne17%. Mapaneru aya isarudzo inoshanda zvakanaka kumhuri dzinoziva nezvekushandisa mari. Haadhuri uye anoshanda sesarudzo isingadhuri kune avo vanoda kuchengetedza mari.
Tekinoroji yemasero ezuva akatetepa:Kana tichienzanisa nemapaneru esilicon akagadzirwa necrystalline, tekinoroji yezuva ine firimu diki haishandiswi zvakanyanya mumagetsi ezuva emudzimba. Zvisinei, inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo kushoma mumidziyo yemazuva ese, ine basa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Matekinoroji emagetsi ane firimu diki (akadai seCdTe neCIGS) anopa mari shoma yekugadzira uye mashandisirwo anochinjika, asi kazhinji haashande zvakanaka uye anotora nzvimbo yakawanda.
Matekinoroji ari kusimukira akadai se chalcogenide solar cells ari kuwedzerawo simba sezvo indasitiri yezuva ichikura, asi haasati ashandiswa zvakanyanya mumusika wezuva repamba.
Muchokwadi, sarudzo yetekinoroji inowanzoenderana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi mumba, mamiriro edenga, bhajeti, uye zvinofarirwa kuti imba ishande zvakanaka uye ionekwe zvakanaka.
Mapaneru ezuva emhando yeMono-crystalline ari kuona kudiwa kukuru nekuda kwekushanda kwawo zvakanaka uye chitarisiko chawo chinoyevedza muUnited States. Zvisinei, sarudzo chaiyo inofanira kuitwa maererano nemitemo yekubatsira kwezuva yemunharaunda, mitengo yesimba, uye zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi emupi wemagetsi.
