Makampani opanga magetsi a photovoltaic ku China akuyenera kuthana ndi vutoli

Makampani opanga ma photovoltaic (PV) ku China akuwalira kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, US yapitiliza kuyika misonkho pazinthu za PV zaku China, ndipo cholinga chake chakulitsidwa posachedwapa kumayiko anayi aku Southeast Asia, zomwe zapangitsa kuti msika wakunja kwa mabizinesi a PV aku China ukhale wovuta kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, United States idalengeza kuti zina mwa zinthu za photovoltaic zaku China kuti zikweze misonkho pambuyo pa nthawi ya US pa Okutobala 1, 2024, Dipatimenti Yamalonda ya US (Dipatimenti Yamalonda) idalengeza kuchokera kumayiko anayi aku Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand ndi Vietnam) kufufuza kwa ma cell a photovoltaic (kaya asonkhanitsidwa mu module) countervailing duty (CVD) pa chigamulo choyambirira.

Mogwirizana ndi pempho la AD/CVD lomwe linaperekedwa koyambirira kwa chaka chino ndi American Alliance of Solar Manufacturing Trade Councils (AASMTC), Dipatimenti Yamalonda ku US ikukonzekera kulengeza chigamulo chomaliza chotsutsana ndi (CVD) mu February 2025, atapanga chigamulo choyamba pa mlandu wotsutsa kutaya madzi.

Pamene China inali mu kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi dzuwa ku China adakonzanso unyolo wapadziko lonse wa magetsi opangidwa ndi dzuwa. Komabe, US idakhazikitsa misonkho pa zinthu za magetsi opangidwa ndi dzuwa ku China, komanso kukula kwa mayiko anayi ku Southeast Asia, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi dzuwa ku China "kudzera" ku Southeast Asia, mayiko anayi adatumiza ku US market plan yotsekedwa, kupita ku makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi dzuwa ku China kuti abweretse mavuto aakulu.

Zotsatira za Kukwera kwa Misonkho ku US
1. Kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa mitengo yotumizira kunja
Mitengo yokwera yapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zinthu za PV zaku China zilowe mumsika waku US. Mitengo ya 50% ya ma solar cell, ma silicon wafers ndi zinthu za silicon ikuphatikizidwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wokwera wa unyolo wamafakitale ukule kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi kutaya zinthu ndi kukana thandizo m'maiko anayi ku Southeast Asia, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Southeast Asia isalinso mabizinesi aku China a PV otumiza kunja ku msika waku US, zomwe zikukweza mtengo wa kutumiza kunja mwachindunji.

2. Gawo lochepa pamsika
Chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi mitengo yokwera, chiwerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu za PV zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa ku US zatsika, ndipo msika waku US ukuoneka kuti sungathe kufikika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za bungwe lolangiza zamakampani la Infolink Consulting, pofika mu 2023, kupezeka kwakukulu kwa ma module a photovoltaic aku US kumachokerabe ku Southeast Asia, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 60% ya zomwe msika waku US ukufuna, mabizinesi a PV aku China omwe ali pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi asokonekera kwathunthu.

3. Mpikisano wamakampani ndi kuwonjezereka kwa zoopsa
Njira zotetezera malonda ku Ulaya ndi ku United States kuti makampani aku China atumize katundu wawo kunja kuti apikisane kwambiri, makampani ena akulamula kuti achepetse nkhondo ya mitengo yomwe yaphimba dzikolo, kotero kuti phindu lachepa kwambiri.

Mpaka pano, mapazi a opanga ma PV aku China afalikira kumayiko ndi madera opitilira 100 padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti pambuyo pake "palibe choletsa", koma makampani opanga ma photovoltaic aku China nthawi zonse amatha kupeza njira yatsopano, kuti apeze chitukuko chotsatira chokhazikika cha malo oyendera alendo chimayikidwa mu "nyanja" ya makampani opanga ma photovoltaic aku China patsogolo pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri.

Miyeso ya Makampani Opanga Ma Photovoltaic aku China
1. Kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi kukweza mafakitale
Kupanga zinthu zatsopano pa ukadaulo ndi kukweza mafakitale n'kofunika kwambiri. Makampani opanga ma PV m'dziko muno ayenera kuwonjezera ndalama zofufuzira ndi chitukuko, kulimbikitsa malonda a heterojunction, ma BC cell ndi zinthu zina zatsopano, kukonza bwino kusintha kwa zinthu komanso ubwino wake, kuthandizira makampani otsogola ku China kuti atuluke mwachangu mu matope a involution, ndikupitiliza kulimbitsa ubwino wawo waukadaulo.

2. Kukonzanso unyolo wogulira zinthu
Kukonzanso unyolo wogulitsa ndikofunikira. Sinthani kapangidwe kake mwachangu momwe mungathere, ndikukhazikitsa kunja kwa dziko kuti mufufuze malo atsopano opangira. Middle East, Indonesia ndi Laos zidzakhala chisankho chatsopano. Mayiko ndi madera awa sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wamitengo ya US, makampani ena a PV adzasankha kusamutsira mwachangu kumadera ozungulira, kuti atenge zenera US isanakhazikitse bilu yatsopano.

3. Kukulitsa misika yakunja
Kukula kwa misika yakunja sikuyenera kuchedwa. Kuzindikira kapangidwe kake kosiyanasiyana, kupanga misika yatsopano monga Asia ndi Africa, ndikuchepetsa kudalira msika umodzi. Kulimbitsa kumanga njira zogulitsira kunja ndi maukonde a mautumiki kuti kuwonjezere chidziwitso cha mtundu ndi gawo la msika. Komanso ndikofunikira kuganizira za chilengedwe cha zachuma cha m'deralo, malo olamulira mabizinesi, zomangamanga ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, ndalama zopangira ndi zina zambiri.

4. Kuyankha mfundo ndi kasamalidwe ka zoopsa
Kuyankha mfundo ndi kuwongolera zoopsa ndikofunikira kwambiri. Boma limayambitsa mfundo zothandizira chitukuko cha mafakitale, ndipo mabizinesi amasamala kwambiri za zomwe zikuchitika kunja kwa dziko kuti apewe mikangano yamalonda. Akhazikitse njira yochenjeza za zoopsa kuti athe kuthana ndi kusinthasintha kwa msika ndi kusintha kwa mfundo.

5. Limbitsani mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi
Kulimbitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi n'kofunika kwambiri. Kulankhulana ndi kugwirizana ndi makampani ena apadziko lonse lapansi kuti mulimbikitse chitukuko cha mafakitale. Kugwirizana ndi mabizinesi am'deralo ndikugwirizana ndi msika wakomweko kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikutsatira njira yopita patsogolo.