Amabhizinisi aseShayina asebenzisa i-photovoltaic ukubhekana nomgwaqo

Imboni ye-photovoltaic (PV) yaseShayina ikhanya kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-US iqhubekile nokubeka intela emikhiqizweni ye-PV yaseShayina, futhi ububanzi busanda kwandiselwa emazweni amane aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuholele ekutheni isimo semakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle samabhizinisi e-PV aseShayina sibe nzima kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, i-United States yamemezela ukuthi eminye yemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina izokhuphula intela ngemuva kwesikhathi sase-US ngo-Okthoba 1, 2024, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US (uMnyango Wezohwebo) umemezele emazweni amane aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (eCambodia, eMalaysia, eThailand naseVietnam) uphenyo lwe-crystalline photovoltaic cells (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlanganiswe kwimojula noma cha) lwesinqumo sokuqala.

Ngokuhambisana nesicelo se-AD/CVD esafakwa ekuqaleni kwalonyaka yi-American Alliance of Solar Manufacturing Trade Councils (AASMTC), uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US uzohlela ukumemezela isinqumo sokugcina sokuphikisa (CVD) ngoFebhuwari 2025, ngemuva kokwenza isinqumo sokuqala ecaleni lokulwa nokulahla udoti.

Lapho isisesigabeni sokuguquka kwamandla omhlaba wonke, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina yakha kabusha uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-photovoltaic lomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, i-US yabeka intela emikhiqizweni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina, kanye nobubanzi bokwanda kwamazwe amane eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okusho ukuthi amabhizinisi aseShayina e-photovoltaic "ngokusebenzisa" iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, amazwe amane athunyelwa ohlelweni lwemakethe yase-US avinjiwe, kumabhizinisi aseShayina e-photovoltaic ukuletha izinselelo ezinzima.

Umphumela Wokwenyuka Kwentela Yase-US
1. Ukwenyuka okungazelelwe kwezindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe
Izindleko eziphezulu zenze kwaba nzima ngemikhiqizo ye-PV yaseShayina ukungena emakethe yase-US. Izindleko ezingama-50% kumaseli elanga, ama-wafer e-silicon kanye nezinto ze-silicon nazo zifakiwe, okwenza izindleko eziphezulu zeketanga lezimboni zikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphenyo lokulwa nokulahla izimpahla kanye nokuphikisana noxhaso emazweni amane aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okwenza iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ingaseyona amabhizinisi e-PV aseShayina okuthumela emakethe yase-US “i-bridgehead”, okuphakamisa ngokungaqondile izindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle.

2. Isabelo semakethe esinqunyelwe
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yentela ephezulu, inani kanye nenani lemikhiqizo ye-PV yasekhaya yaseShayina ethunyelwa e-US lehle kakhulu, futhi imakethe yase-US ibonakala ingenakufinyeleleka. Ngokusho kwezibalo zenhlangano yokubonisana embonini i-Infolink Consulting, kusukela ngo-2023, ukuhlinzekwa okuyinhloko kwamamojula e-photovoltaic ase-US kusavela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okubalwa cishe u-60% wesidingo esiphelele emakethe yase-US, amabhizinisi e-PV aseShayina ekwakhiweni kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke aphazamiseke ngokuphelele.

3. Ukuncintisana kwemboni kanye nokwanda kwezingozi
IYurophu ne-United States bathatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuhweba ukuze benze amabhizinisi aseShayina e-PV athumele kwamanye amazwe ukuncintisana okunzima nokunzima kwasekhaya, amanye amabhizinisi ayala ukunciphisa impi yentengo egubuzele, kangangokuthi izinga lenzuzo lehle kakhulu.

Kuze kube manje, izinyathelo zabakhiqizi be-PV baseShayina zisakazekele emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kwe-100 emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba ngemuva kokuvinjelwa “kokuvinjelwa” okukodwa emva kokunye, kodwa amabhizinisi aseShayina angathola isiqondiso esisha njalo, ukuthola intuthuko elandelayo esimeme yendawo yokuhamba ibekwa “olwandle” lwamabhizinisi aseShayina asebenzisa i-photovoltaic phambi kwezinkinga eziphuthumayo kakhulu.

Izinyathelo Zamabhizinisi E-Photovoltaic AseShayina
1. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kubalulekile. Amabhizinisi e-PV asekhaya adinga ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D, ukukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwe-heterojunction, amaseli e-BC kanye neminye imikhiqizo emisha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi, ukusekela amabhizinisi aholayo aseShayina ukuthi aphume ngokushesha odakeni lokuguquka, futhi aqhubeke nokuqinisa izinzuzo zawo zobuchwepheshe.

2. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kwempahla
Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-supply chain kubalulekile. Lungisa ukwakheka ngokushesha okukhulu, bese usungula phesheya kwezilwandle ukuze ufune izisekelo ezintsha zokukhiqiza. IMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-Indonesia neLaos kuzoba ukukhetha okusha. Lawa mazwe nezifunda azifakwanga ohlwini lwentela yase-US, ezinye izinkampani ze-PV zizokhetha ukuthuthela ngokushesha ezindaweni ezizungezile, ukuze zithathe ifasitela ngaphambi kokuba i-US isungule umthethosivivinywa omusha.

3. Ukwandisa izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle
Ukwanda kwezimakethe zaphesheya akufanele kubambezeleke. Qaphela ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene, uthuthukise izimakethe ezisafufusa njenge-Asia ne-Afrika, futhi unciphise ukuncika emakethe eyodwa. Qinisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokuthengisa zaphesheya kanye namanethiwekhi ezinsizakalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashiswa komkhiqizo kanye nesabelo semakethe. Kodwa futhi kudingeka ucabangele isimo sezomnotho sendawo, isimo sokulawula ibhizinisi, ingqalasizinda kanye ne-logistics, izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.

4. Impendulo yenqubomgomo kanye nokuphathwa kokulawulwa kwezingozi
Impendulo yenqubomgomo kanye nokuphathwa kokulawulwa kwezingozi kubalulekile. Uhulumeni wethula izinqubomgomo zokusekela intuthuko yezimboni, futhi amabhizinisi anaka izitayela zezingozi zaphesheya kwezilwandle ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze agweme izingxabano zezohwebo. Misa indlela yokuxwayisa ngezingozi kusenesikhathi ukuze ubhekane nokushintshashintsha kwemakethe kanye nezinguquko zenqubomgomo.

5. Qinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuqinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Xhumana futhi ubambisane nozakwethu bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kukhuthazwe intuthuko yezimboni ngokubambisana. Bambisana namabhizinisi endawo futhi nihlanganyele emakethe yendawo ukuze kufezwe isimo esizuzisa wonke umuntu. Sebenzisa imali nezinsiza zomhlaba wonke, futhi unamathele endleleni yentuthuko evulekile.