Amashishini aseTshayina e-photovoltaic aza kujongana nale ndlela

Ishishini le-photovoltaic (PV) laseTshayina likhanya kwinguqu yamandla ehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-US iqhubekile nokubeka irhafu kwiimveliso ze-PV zaseTshayina, kwaye umda kutshanje wandiselwe kumazwe amane akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, nto leyo ebangele ukuba imeko yemarike yaphesheya kweelwandle kwiinkampani ze-PV zaseTshayina ibe nzima ngakumbi. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, i-United States yabhengeza ukuba ezinye zeemveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina zokunyusa irhafu emva kwexesha lase-US ngo-Okthobha 1, 2024, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US (iSebe lezoRhwebo) labhengeza livela kumazwe amane akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia (eCambodia, eMalaysia, eThailand naseVietnam) uphando lwe-crystalline photovoltaic cells (nokuba zihlanganiswe kwimodyuli okanye azihlanganiswanga) malunga nesigqibo sokuqala.

Ngokuhambelana nesicelo se-AD/CVD esifakwe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka yi-American Alliance of Solar Manufacturing Trade Councils (AASMTC), iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US liza kuceba ukubhengeza isigqibo sokugqibela sokuchasana (CVD) ngoFebruwari 2025, emva kokwenza isigqibo sokuqala kwimeko yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma.

Xa sele ikwindlela yokutshintsha kwamandla ehlabathi, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseTshayina yakha kwakhona uthotho lweenkonzo ze-photovoltaic zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, i-US yabeka irhafu kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina, kunye nobubanzi bokwandiswa kwamazwe amane kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amashishini aseTshayina e-photovoltaic "ngokusebenzisa" uMzantsi-mpuma Asia, amazwe amane athunyelwa kwisicwangciso semarike sase-US avalelwe, kumashishini aseTshayina e-photovoltaic ukuze azise imingeni enzima.

Impembelelo yokunyuka kwerhafu yaseMelika
1. Ukunyuka ngequbuliso kweendleko zokuthumela ngaphandle
Iirhafu eziphezulu zenze kwaba nzima kwiimveliso ze-PV zaseTshayina ukungena kwimarike yase-US. Iirhafu ze-50% kwiiseli zelanga, ii-silicon wafers kunye nezixhobo ze-silicon nazo zibandakanyiwe, nto leyo eyenza iindleko eziphezulu zekhonkco lemizi-mveliso zinyuke kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, uphando oluchasene nokulahla inkunkuma kunye nolwenkxaso-mali kumazwe amane akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, nto leyo ebangele ukuba uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia ungabi yiinkampani ze-PV zaseTshayina zokuthumela ngaphandle kwimarike yase-US, nto leyo enyusa ngokungathanga ngqo iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle.

2. Isabelo semarike esilinganiselweyo
Phantsi koxinzelelo lwerhafu ephezulu, inani kunye nobungakanani beemveliso ze-PV zasekhaya zaseTshayina ezithunyelwa e-US ziye zehla, kwaye imakethi yase-US ibonakala ingenakufikeleleka. Ngokwezibalo ze-Infolink Consulting, umboneleli oyintloko weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic zase-US usavela kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, omalunga ne-60% yemfuno iyonke kwimakethi yase-US, amashishini e-PV ase-China kulwakhiwo lwemakethi yehlabathi aphazamiseke ngokupheleleyo.

3. Ukhuphiswano kushishino kunye nokwanda komngcipheko
Amanyathelo okukhusela urhwebo eYurophu nase-United States ukwenza amashishini aseTshayina e-PV athumele kwamanye amazwe ukhuphiswano olunzima noluqatha lwasekhaya, amanye amashishini ayala ukunciphisa imfazwe yamaxabiso egqunywe yimozulu, kangangokuba umgangatho wenzuzo wehla kakhulu.

Okwangoku, umkhondo wabavelisi be-PV baseTshayina usasazeke kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 nakwiindawo kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona emva kokuvalelwa "kokuvinjwa" omnye emva komnye, kodwa amashishini e-photovoltaic aseTshayina anokufumana indlela entsha, ukufumana uphuhliso olulandelayo oluzinzileyo lwendawo yokuthutha lubekwe "elwandle" lwamashishini e-photovoltaic aseTshayina phambi kwemicimbi engxamisekileyo ngakumbi.

Amanyathelo eeNkampani zePhotovoltaic zaseTshayina
1. Ubuchule bobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso
Ubuchule bobuchwephesha kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kubalulekile. Amashishini e-PV asekhaya kufuneka andise utyalo-mali lwe-R&D, akhuthaze ukuthengiswa kwe-heterojunction, ii-BC cells kunye nezinye iimveliso ezintsha, aphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho, axhase amashishini aphambili aseTshayina ukuba aphume ngokukhawuleza kwingxaki yokuguquka, kwaye aqhubeke nokuqinisa izibonelelo zawo zobuchwepheshe.

2. Uhlengahlengiso lwekhonkco lobonelelo
Uhlengahlengiso lwe-supply chain lubalulekile. Lungisa ulwakhiwo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uqalise phesheya ukuze ujonge iziseko ezintsha zemveliso. UMbindi Mpuma, i-Indonesia kunye neLaos ziya kuba lukhetho olutsha. La mazwe kunye nemimandla azifakwanga kuluhlu lwerhafu yase-US, ezinye iinkampani ze-PV ziya kukhetha ukutshintshela ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, ukuze zithathe ifestile ngaphambi kokuba i-US imisele umthetho omtsha.

3. Ukwandisa iimarike zaphesheya
Ukwandiswa kweemarike zaphesheya akufuneki kulibaziseke. Ukuqonda ulwakhiwo olwahlukeneyo, ukuphuhlisa iimarike ezisakhulayo ezifana ne-Asia ne-Afrika, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimarike enye. Ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kweendlela zokuthengisa zaphesheya kunye nothungelwano lweenkonzo ukuphucula ulwazi lwebhrendi kunye nesabelo semarike. Kodwa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe imeko-bume yezoqoqosho yasekuhlaleni, imeko-bume yolawulo lweshishini, iziseko zophuhliso kunye nothungelwano, iindleko zemveliso kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

4. Impendulo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko
Impendulo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko azinamsebenzi. Urhulumente uzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, kwaye amashishini anika ingqalelo kwiindlela zomngcipheko zaphesheya ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze aphephe iingxabano zorhwebo. Misela indlela yokulumkisa umngcipheko kwangethuba ukuze kujongwane nokuguquguquka kwemarike kunye notshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo.

5. Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Nxibelelana kwaye usebenzisane namazwe ngamazwe ukuze kukhuthazwe uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye. Sebenzisana namashishini asekuhlaleni kwaye udibanise kwimarike yasekuhlaleni ukuze kufezekiswe imeko yokuphumelela kuwo onke amaqela. Sebenzisa imali kunye nezixhobo zamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ulandele indlela yophuhliso oluvulekileyo.