Poganizira mavuto a mphamvu zochepa komanso zovuta zochajira m'madera akumidzi, pepalali likuwonetsa njira yomangira malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo ochajira magetsi m'madera akumidzi, ndipo likuwonetsa njira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi.
Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti kumanga malo osungira magetsi ndi malo ochapira magetsi m'matauni kungathandize kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi moyenera, komanso kungachepetse ndalama zogulira ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Kufunika komanga malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo ochapira zinthu (optical optical storage and charging station)
Pamene chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi chikukwera, kufunikira kwa chaji kukukwera. Ngati sichikuyendetsedwa bwino, chidzapangitsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi ziwonongeke kwambiri pakuchaja magalimoto amagetsi, kenako n’kubweretsa mphamvu zambiri ku dongosolo lathu lamagetsi. Kumanga malo osungira magetsi ndi malo ochajira magetsi ophatikizika kungathetse mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa.
Malo ochapira ophatikizidwa ndi njira yatsopano yochapira, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi kusungira mphamvu ku malo ochapira kuti ipereke yankho labwino pakuchapira magalimoto amagetsi.
Munjira iyi, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic kumatha kutumizidwa mwachindunji ku malo ochajira kudzera pa gridi yolumikizidwa, kenako pochajira batire kungapereke magetsi pamagalimoto amagetsi; Ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zosungira mphamvu zomwe zimafalikira mu gridi, pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akufunika kupereka magetsi ku gridi. Poyerekeza ndi malo ochajira achikhalidwe, malo ochajira owonera ndi malo ochajira ophatikizika amatha kukonza bwino magwiridwe antchito a makina amagetsi.
Malo olumikizirana osungira ndi kuyitanitsa magetsi amatha kuchepetsa bwino mtengo wamagetsi komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito panthawi yoyitanitsa magalimoto amagetsi.
Pansi pa chitsanzo ichi, makina osungira magetsi a PV ndi magetsi adzapitiriza kugwira ntchito mpaka magetsi atatha pa gridi, ndipo mphamvu zomwe zidzapangidwe panthawi yolipirira magalimoto amagetsi zidzaphimbidwa ndi malo olumikizirana magetsi.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, chitsanzochi sichingopulumutsa ndalama zokha, komanso chimachepetsa bwino kuwononga mphamvu. Mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito, malo osungiramo ndi kuyitanitsa magetsi amatha kupeza phindu lalikulu pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu mwa kukonza bwino kakonzedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka nthawi.
Chifukwa chake, tinganene kuti malo osungira ndi kuyitanitsa zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi mtundu watsopano wa malo ochapira zinthu omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino chotukuka.
Kusanthula momwe zinthu zilili panopa pa ntchito yomanga gridi yamagetsi m'madera akumidzi
Kumanga gridi yamagetsi m'madera a m'matauni
Pakadali pano, gridi yamagetsi yakumidzi ya dziko lathu ikadali mu gawo la kapangidwe ka gridi yamagetsi yachikhalidwe, makamaka chifukwa cha mizere yolowera pamwamba, makina ogawa maukonde, kugwiritsa ntchito digito ndi ukadaulo wina wamakono sikukwanira, matauni ndi midzi yambiri ikadalibe magetsi. Pali mavuto asanu pakumanga gridi yamagetsi m'madera akumidzi mdziko lathu.
1). Kuchepa kwa njira yogawa ma netiweki m'midzi ndi m'matauni ena, njira yogawa ma netiweki yopanda ungwiro, komanso kusowa kwa kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni komanso chenjezo loyambirira la momwe netiweki imagwirira ntchito, zimakhudza kwambiri momwe njira yogawa ma netiweki imagwirira ntchito m'midzi ndi m'matauni.
2). Utali wa malo operekera magetsi ndi waukulu m'madera ena akumidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo operekera magetsi asafupikitse bwino utali wa malo operekera magetsi.
3). Kapangidwe ka netiweki yogawa zinthu m'madera ena akumidzi kamakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kukalamba, ndipo mizere ina yogawa zinthu ili ndi mavuto monga gawo laling'ono la kondakitala, mainchesi ang'onoang'ono a waya ndi kukalamba kwa zida.
4). Pali mavuto ena pakusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi m'madera ena akumidzi, monga kusakwanira kwa zida ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
5). Makampani opanga magetsi m'midzi ndi m'matauni ena alibe njira zasayansi komanso zoyenera zoyendetsera, malingaliro okonzekera ndi kupanga, komanso kusanthula ndi kulosera momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kapangidwe ka mphamvu m'dera la tawuni
Kapangidwe ka mphamvu m'madera akumidzi kamadziwika ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwachuma cha China mwachangu, miyezo ya moyo wa anthu ikupitirirabe kukwera, kufunikira kwa mphamvu kukuwonjezekanso, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zakale, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe kuchuluke.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kapangidwe ka mphamvu m'madera akumidzi kakonzedwa bwino komanso kukonzedwanso, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoyera komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kwawonjezeka moonekeratu.
1). Kulemera kwa katundu m'madera akumidzi ndi kochepa, ndipo anthu okhala m'madera akumidzi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zochepa.
2). Chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi (EVS) m'madera akumidzi chikukwera. Ma EVS amayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi yoperekera mphamvu zothandizira. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ma EVS mosakayikira kudzapangitsa kuti katundu wamagetsi akwere.
3). Kapangidwe ka magetsi m'madera akumidzi n'kosayenera. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi pang'ono, kapangidwe ka magetsi kamodzi kokha komanso kusowa kwa mapulani ndi kapangidwe ka sayansi komanso koyenera, n'kovuta kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa magetsi m'madera akumidzi.
4). Pali kuchulukirachulukira kwakukulu m'madera akumidzi, ena mwa iwo ali ndi mavuto a magetsi otsika komanso ukalamba, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito otetezeka komanso okhazikika a magetsi.
Ubwino wa netiweki yogawa magetsi m'dera la tawuni
Ubwino wa magetsi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa anthu akumidzi, komanso ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu omwe makampani opanga magetsi ayenera kuthetsa. Pakadali pano, ubwino wa magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa magetsi m'madera akumidzi umayang'anizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi za vutoli.
1). Kupatuka kwa magetsi pa netiweki yamagetsi yakumidzi ndi kwakukulu, ndipo magetsi a ogwiritsa ntchito ena amaoneka ngati akupatuka pang'ono.
2). Kusalingana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya magawo atatu m'midzi ndi m'matauni ena kuli pamwamba pa muyezo wa dziko lonse.
3) Pali zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimachitika m'magawo atatu pa intaneti yogawa magetsi m'madera akumidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la mphamvu zamagetsi kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kafukufuku wokhudza kapangidwe ka malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo ochapira magetsi ophatikizika
Pofuna kulimbikitsa bwino chitukuko cha zachuma m'madera akumidzi, boma likulimbikitsa kwambiri kumanga malo atsopano ochapira magetsi. Pakadali pano, pali mavuto ena pakumanga malo atsopano ochapira magetsi m'dziko lathu, mwachitsanzo, malo omwe kuli malo ochapira magetsi ovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochepa ochapira magetsi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magetsi.
Pachifukwa ichi, dziko lathu linayamba kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga malo ochapira magalimoto amagetsi. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la kuchapira magalimoto amagetsi m'madera akumidzi, malo ochapira magalimoto ophatikizidwa a malo osungira ndi kuchapira magetsi amatha kumangidwa m'madera akumidzi.
Malo olumikizirana ophatikizana ali ndi magawo atatu: makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic, makina osungira mphamvu ndi malo olumikizira magetsi. Pomanga, ndikofunikira kumanga makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic kaye, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito makina osungira mphamvu kuti aziyang'anira kuyitanitsa magalimoto amagetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa positi yochajira ya AC ndi positi yochajira ya DC pamalo ochajira kuti zikhale zosavuta kutchajira magalimoto amagetsi.
Mwachidule, kukula kwachuma m'madera akumidzi ndi kotsika, kotero mtengo womanga malo osungiramo zinthu zamagetsi ndi malo ochapira zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi wotsika. Mwachitsanzo, tawuni, chuma cha tawuni chili pakati pa dzikolo, ndipo kumanga malo osungiramo zinthu zamagetsi ndi malo ochapira zinthu zolumikizidwa kungapangitse kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma.
1). Tawuni yokha ili ndi magetsi okwanira komanso malo okwanira, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira kumanga malo osungira magetsi ndi malo ochapira magetsi.
Pakupanga malo osungiramo zinthu zowunikira ndi malo ochapira, choyamba muyenera kusankha zipangizo zomangira zoyenera ndi mawonekedwe ake, kenako ndikuphatikiza ndi malo am'deralo komanso nyengo kuti mupange.
Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, kuwala kokwanira, malo okhala ndi zinthu zambiri, mutha kusankha mapanelo a photovoltaic kuti mumange malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo ochapira.
2). Dongosolo la PV limayang'anira kwambiri kutchaja magalimoto amagetsi, pomwe dongosolo losungira mphamvu limayang'anira kusunga magetsi. Dongosolo la PV ndi dongosolo losungira mphamvu ziyenera kuphatikizidwa moyenera panthawi yomanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa batire yosungira mphamvu ndi batire yosungiramo mphamvu mu dongosolo losungira mphamvu. Mphamvu ya batire iyenera kukhazikitsidwa malinga ndi kufunikira kwa chaji ya galimoto yamagetsi. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu ya batire imatha kudziwika malinga ndi momwe galimoto yamagetsi imagwiritsidwira ntchito, malo ake komanso kufunikira kwa msika. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yochajira ndi mphamvu yochajira ya galimoto yamagetsi ziyenera kupangidwa moyenera.
3). Malo osungiramo zinthu zowunikira ndi malo ochapira ophatikizika nawonso amafunika kukonza bwino zida zosiyanasiyana za malo ochapira.
Pomanga malo olumikizirana magetsi, muyenera kuyesa kusankha makina abwino komanso okhazikika kuti mupewe kulephera kwa zida ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a malo olumikizira magetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kasamalidwe kanzeru ka malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo ochapira ophatikizika amatha kuchitika mwa kukonza mulingo wanzeru wa malo ochapira.
4). Pambuyo pomanga malo ochapira ophatikizidwa, ndikofunikira kuchita ntchito yovomereza ndi kuyesa siteshoni:
① Iyenera kugwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko lonse komanso miyezo ya mafakitale kuti ivomerezedwe;
② Ngati kapangidwe kake kakugwirizana ndi zofunikira za mfundo zakomweko komanso zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito kuti avomerezedwe;
③ Iyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti igwire ntchito bwino. Ntchito yoyesera imaphatikizapo mfundo ziwiri izi: ① Ngati malo ochapira akutsatira miyezo yochapira ndi miyezo yofananira iyenera kuyesedwa; ② Ngati malo ochapira akutsatira malamulo achitetezo ndi miyezo yofananira iyenera kuyesedwa.
Kusungirako kwa kuwala ndi kukonza mphamvu yolumikizira mulu woyatsira
Nthawi yochajira ya galimoto yamagetsi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu ndi nthawi yochajira ya galimoto yamagetsi, kutanthauza nthawi yochajira ya batri ndi nthawi yochajira yamagetsi.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwerengera nthawi yochajira malinga ndi mphamvu ya galimoto yamagetsi. Pakadali pano, palibe muyezo wofanana wa milu yochajira m'dziko lathu, ndipo nthawi yochajira milu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yosiyana kwambiri, kotero titha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuti tiwerengere nthawi yochajira milu. Milu yochajira idagawidwa malinga ndi 4H, 12h ndi 16h motsatana.
Malinga ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, nthawi yochajira ya mulu wochajira ikhoza kuyerekezeredwa, ndipo nthawi yochajira ya mulu wochajira yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mphamvu ingapezeke. Pogawa mphamvu ya mulu wochajira, tiyeneranso kuganizira mokwanira makhalidwe a anthu akumidzi ndi zosowa za magalimoto amagetsi zochajira.
Ma voltage osiyanasiyana a magalimoto amagetsi amafunikira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, motero malinga ndi zosowa za makina ochajira.
Muzochitika zachizolowezi, anthu akumidzi okhala ndi magetsi a 220V ndi 110V, kotero pomanga malo ochapira ayenera kukhala ndi magetsi ofanana a milu yochapira.
Mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha Anhui, nthawi zonse, mphamvu yamagetsi ya anthu okhala m'midzi ndi 10 kv ndi 35 kv. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya magalimoto ndi kuchepa kwa nthawi yochaja, nthawi yochaja yapakati idzachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Pulojekiti Yogwirizanitsa Malo Osungiramo Zinthu ndi Malo Ochapira Zinthu
Kusanthula phindu la zachuma
Malo ochapira omwe ali ndi mitundu inayi ya mphamvu ndi 120kW, 250KW, 400kW ndi 600kW. Zapezeka kuti chiwongola dzanja chamkati ndi 10.24% ndipo nthawi yobwezera ndi zaka 3.65 pamene mphamvu ndi 120kw.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa magalimoto amagetsi komanso kufunikira kotsika kwa magetsi mdziko lathu, titha kusankha pulojekiti yaying'ono yomanga malo olumikizirana magetsi, kuti tikwaniritse madera akumidzi omwe akufunikira kuyatsa magalimoto amagetsi.
Kumanga malo osungiramo zinthu zowunikira komanso malo ochapira
Mavuto aukadaulo ndi mayankho
Mavuto otsatirawa aukadaulo ayenera kuthetsedwa kuti pakhale malo osungiramo zinthu zowunikira komanso malo ochapira magetsi m'madera akumidzi.
1). Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka makina osungira mphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka makina osungira mphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi chinsinsi chomanga malo osungira ndi kuyitanitsa magetsi m'madera akumidzi.
2). Kulamulira kogwirizana kwa makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ndi makina ochajira. Ndikofunikira kuganizira mokwanira za mgwirizano ndi kuwongolera pakati pa makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ndi makina ochajira pomanga malo olumikizirana a chaji m'madera akumidzi. Kulamulira kogwirizana pakati pa makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ndi makina ochajira kumaphatikizapo mbali ziwiri:
Kumbali imodzi, ndi ulamuliro wogwirizana pakati pa makina opanga mphamvu za photovoltaic ndi makina osungira mphamvu, kumbali ina, ndi ulamuliro wogwirizana pakati pa makina opanga mphamvu za photovoltaic ndi makina ochajira.
Chowongolera cha chaji ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, chowongolera mphamvu ndi zida zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwirizanitsa ulamuliro pakati pa makina opanga mphamvu za photovoltaic ndi makina osungira mphamvu.
Pamene mphamvu yotulutsa ya makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic si yokwanira, mphamvu yochulukirapo ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ku malo ochajira pakapita nthawi ndi chowongolera cha chaji ndi kutulutsa, chowongolera magetsi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa mphamvu yopangira magetsi a photovoltaic, potero kupewa kudzaza kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, super capacitor ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa ntchito yochaja ya zida zopangira mphamvu za photovoltaic.
3). Njira yowongolera yolumikizidwa ndi malo ochajira magetsi. Nthawi zonse, ma gridi ang'onoang'ono amagetsi m'madera akumidzi amachititsa kuti magetsi asamayende bwino. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'madera akumidzi, magetsi ambiri omwe amagawidwa mu gridi yamagetsi ayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi woyang'anira wolumikizidwa ndi gridi.
Nthawi yomweyo, magetsi ogawidwa amatha kulumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi kudzera mu chosinthira cha mbali ya gridi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito batri, super capacitor ndi zida zina kuti mukwaniritse kulamulira bwino kwa magetsi ogawidwa.
4). Kapangidwe ka mphamvu yogawa magetsi pa malo ochajira. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya mbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito sikokwanira, mphamvu yochulukirapo imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku malo ochajira kudzera mu chosinthira cha mbali ziwiri, ndipo mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya mbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito ikakwanira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma super-capacitor kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchaji ndi kutulutsa zida zopangira mphamvu za photovoltaic.
5). Kusamalira ndi kuyang'anira malo osungira magetsi ndi malo ochapira magetsi ophatikizidwa. Makamaka, kumaphatikizapo zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri izi: ① Kupanga dongosolo labwino la ntchito; ② Kulimbitsa maphunziro a ogwira ntchito oyenerera; ③ kuyang'anira ndi kusamalira zida nthawi zonse; ④ Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza malo ochapira magetsi. Njira Yoyendetsera Ntchito; ⑤ Kukonzekera ndi kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira nthawi zonse; ⑥ Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza malo ochapira magetsi; ⑦ Kuthana ndi vuto la zida munthawi yake, ndi zina zotero.
Pepalali likufufuza ukadaulo ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi a photovoltaic komanso kusungira mphamvu, ndipo likutsimikiza kuti n'zotheka kumanga malo ochapira magetsi ophatikizika m'madera akumidzi.
Ndondomekoyi ili ndi ubwino wabwino pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukula kwa makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu pansi pa cholinga cha "Double carbon" ku China. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo watsopano wopanga mphamvu, ukadaulo wopanga mphamvu za photovoltaic udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu udzagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, dziko lathu liyenera kuwonjezera kafukufuku pa ukadaulo watsopano wopanga mphamvu monga ukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu ndi ukadaulo wopanga mphamvu wa photovoltaic kuti upereke chithandizo chowonjezereka pakukula kwa makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu.
