I roto i te aro atu ki ngā raruraru o te iti o te kawenga hiko me te uaua o te utu i ngā wāhi tuawhenua, ka whakaatuhia e tēnei pepa te rautaki mō te hanga i tētahi rokiroki whatu me tētahi teihana utu whakauru i ngā wāhi tuawhenua, ā, ka whakauruhia hoki ngā tikanga tono tuturu o te rautaki.
E whakaatu ana ngā hua mā te hanganga o ngā teihana rokiroki whatu me ngā teihana utu whakauru i roto i ngā tāone ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga hiko, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā utu haumitanga me ngā utu whakahaere.
Te hiranga o te hanga i te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu whakauru
I te piki haere o te maha o ngā waka hiko, ka piki haere hoki te hiahia mō te utu hiko. Ki te kore e whakahaeretia tika, ka nui te moumou hiko i roto i te tukanga utu hiko o ngā waka hiko, ā, ka nui te pēhanga ki tā tātou pūnaha hiko. Mā te hanganga o te teihana utu hiko whakauru me te rokiroki whatu ka taea te whakaoti pai i ngā raruraru o runga ake nei.
Ko te teihana utu whakauru he aratau teihana utu hou, e whakamahi ana i te hangarau whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te hangarau rokiroki pūngao ki te teihana utu hei whakarato i tētahi otinga pai mō te utu waka hiko.
I tēnei aratau, ka taea te tuku tika i te whakaputanga hiko photovoltaic ki te teihana utu mā te whatunga-hono, ā, mā te utu ka taea te whakarato hiko mō ngā waka hiko; ko te hangarau rokiroki pūngao ko te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu rokiroki pūngao kua horapa i roto i te whatunga, ina hiahia te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakarato hiko ki te whatunga. Ki te whakatauritea ki te teihana utu tuku iho, ka taea e te teihana utu whakauru rokiroki whatu me te utu te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha hiko.
Ka taea e te teihana utu whakauru mō te rokiroki me te utu whatu te whakaiti i te utu utu hiko me te utu whakahaere i te wā e utu ana ngā waka hiko.
I raro i tēnei tauira, ka haere tonu ngā pūnaha rokiroki hiko me te pūngao ki te mahi tae noa ki te paunga o te hiko i te whatunga hiko, ā, ka hipokina te utu e puta ana i te wā o te tukanga utu o ngā waka hiko e ngā teihana utu whakauru.
Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, ehara i te mea ka taea e tēnei tauira te penapena utu anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te moumou pūngao. I roto i te tukanga whakahaere tuturu, ka taea e te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu te whakatutuki i ngā painga ōhanga me te pāpori nui rawa atu mā te arotau i te whirihoranga me te whakahaere whakaritenga.
Nō reira, ka taea te kī ko te teihana utu whakauru rokiroki me te utu whatu he momo teihana utu hou, he pai hoki ngā tūmanakohanga mō te whanaketanga.
Te tātari i te āhua o nāianei o te hanganga whatunga hiko i ngā rohe tuawhenua
Te hanganga o te whatunga hiko i ngā rohe tāone
I tēnei wā, kei te taumata tonu te whatunga hiko o te rohe tuawhenua o tō tātou whenua, arā, ko ngā raina hiko tuku iho, te aunoatanga o te whatunga tohatoha, te mamati me ētahi atu hangarau hou, ā, kāore anō kia ranea te whakamahinga, he maha tonu ngā tāone me ngā kāinga kāore he hiko. E rima ngā raruraru o te hanganga o te whatunga hiko i ngā rohe tuawhenua o tō tātou whenua.
1). Ko te iti o te taumata aunoatanga o te whatunga tohatoha i ētahi kāinga me ngā tāone, te koretake o te pūnaha aunoatanga o te whatunga tohatoha, me te kore o te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu me te whakatūpato wawe i te mahi a te whatunga tohatoha, he tino pā ki te mahi noa o te pūnaha aunoatanga o te whatunga tohatoha i ngā kāinga me ngā tāone.
2). He nui ake te radius tuku o te raina tohatoha i ētahi wāhi tuawhenua, ā, kāore e taea e te raina tohatoha te whakapoto i te radius tuku.
3). He nui te koroheketanga o te hanganga o te whatunga tohatoha i ētahi wāhi tuawhenua, ā, he raruraru anō hoki kei ētahi raina tohatoha pērā i te iti o te whakawhiti o te ara iahiko, te iti o te diameter o te waea me te tawhito o ngā taputapu.
4). He raruraru kei roto i te whirihoranga whakaea mana tauhohe i ētahi wāhi taiwhenua, pērā i te korenga o te kaha o ngā taputapu me te kaha whakaea mana tauhohe.
5). Kāore i roto i ētahi kāinga me ngā tāone he tikanga whakahaere pūtaiao, he whakaaro whakamahere me te hoahoa, me te tātari me te matapae i te whakamahinga hiko e te kaiwhakamahi.
Te hanganga pūngao o te rohe tāone
Ko te hanganga pūngao i ngā wāhi tuawhenua e tohuhia ana e te nui o te parahanga, te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao me te iti o te whai huatanga.
I te tere o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga o Haina, kei te piki haere tonu te paerewa oranga o te tangata, kei te piki haere hoki te hiahia mō te pūngao, ā, kei te nui haere te whakamahinga o te pūngao pūmua, ka hua ake te parahanga o te taiao.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua arotauhia, kua whakapaitia ake hoki te hanganga pūngao i ngā wāhi tuawhenua, ā, kua tino piki ake te taumata whakamahinga me te nui o te pūngao ma.
1). He iti te kaha o te kawenga hiko o ngā wāhi tuawhenua, ā, he iti te kaha o te hiko e whakamahia ana e ngā kainoho o ngā wāhi tuawhenua, ā, he iti te mana e whakamahia ana e rātou.
2). Kei te piki haere te maha o ngā waka hiko (EVS) i ngā wāhi tuawhenua. Ko te nuinga o ngā EVS e peia ana e te hiko, ā, e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha hiko hei whakarato i te hiko tāpiri. Ko te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā EVS ka hua ake he pikinga ake o te kawenga hiko.
3). Kāore i te tika te hanganga o te tuku hiko i ngā wāhi tuawhenua. Nā te iti o te whakamahinga hiko, te hanganga kotahi o te tuku hiko, me te kore o te whakamahere me te hoahoa pūtaiao me te whai take, he uaua ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia hiko i ngā wāhi tuawhenua.
4). He nui te taumaha o te hiko i ngā rohe taiwhenua, ko ētahi o ēnei he raruraru o te iti o te ngaohiko me te tawhito o ngā raina, ā, ka pā kino tēnei ki te haumaru me te pumau o te pūnaha hiko.
Te kounga hiko o te whatunga tohatoha i te rohe tāone
Ko te kounga o te hiko tētahi o ngā mea nui e pā ana ki te kounga o te oranga o ngā kainoho o te taiwhenua, ā, ko tētahi hoki o ngā raruraru matua me whakatau e ngā umanga hiko. I tēnei wā, ko te kounga o te hiko o te whatunga tohatoha i ngā taiwhenua e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga e toru e whai ake nei.
1). He nui te rerekētanga o te ngaohiko o te whatunga hiko taiwhenua, ā, ko te ahua o te ngaohiko o ētahi kaiwhakamahi he rerekētanga kino.
2). Kei tua atu i te paerewa ā-motu te kore taurite o te ngaohiko toru-wāhanga o te whatunga tohatoha i ētahi kāinga me ngā tāone.
3). He nui ngā āhuatanga kore taurite e toru-wāhanga i roto i te whatunga tohatoha i ngā rohe taiwhenua, ā, ka hua ake te raruraru o te kounga hiko i te taha kaiwhakamahi.
He rangahau take mō te hanganga o te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu whakauru
Hei whakatairanga ake i te whanaketanga ōhanga o ngā rohe taiwhenua, e kaha ana te kāwanatanga ki te whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā teihana utu hiko hou. I tēnei wā, kei te raru tonu ētahi o ngā mahi hanganga o ngā teihana utu hiko hou i roto i tō tātou whenua, hei tauira, te uaua o te tūnga o ngā teihana utu, te iti o te whakamahinga o ngā whare utu, me te iti o te whai huatanga o te utu.
Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, ka tīmata tō tātou whenua ki te whakateretere i te hanganga o ngā teihana utu waka hiko. Hei whakaoti i te raruraru o te utu waka hiko i ngā wāhi tuawhenua, ka taea te hanga i tētahi teihana utu whakauru mō te rokiroki me te utu whatu i ngā wāhi tuawhenua.
E toru ngā wāhanga o te teihana utu whakauru: te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao me te teihana utu. I roto i te tukanga hanga, me hanga tuatahi te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, kātahi ka whakamahi i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao hei whakahaere i te utunga o ngā waka hiko.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whakatakoto he pou utu AC me he pou utu DC ki roto i te teihana utu hei whakarato i te whai wāhitanga mō te utu waka hiko.
I te nuinga o te wā, he iti te taumata whanaketanga ōhanga o ngā rohe tuawhenua, nō reira he iti te utu mō te hanga teihana rokiroki whatu me te utu whakauru. Hei tauira, ko te taumata ōhanga o te tāone kei waenganui i te whenua, ā, mā te hanganga o te teihana rokiroki whatu me te utu whakauru ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā painga ōhanga pai.
1). He rawaka ngā rauemi rama me ngā whenua o te tāone, ka taea te whakamahi katoa hei hanga i te teihana utu whakauru mō te rokiroki me te utu rama.
I te hoahoa o te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu whakauru, me whiriwhiri tuatahi ngā rauemi hanga me te āhua hanganga e tika ana, kātahi ka honoa ki te tauwāhi whenua me ngā āhuatanga o te rangi hei hoahoa.
Hei tauira, nā te makariri o te āhuarangi, te rawaka o te māramatanga, me te nui ake o ngā rauemi whenua i te tāone, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā panera photovoltaic hei hanga i te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whakauru.
2). Ko te pūnaha PV te kawenga matua mō te utu i ngā waka hiko, ko te pūnaha rokiroki hiko ia te kawenga mō te penapena hiko. Me hono tika te pūnaha PV me te pūnaha rokiroki hiko i te wā hanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whakarite te kaha me te rahinga o te pākahiko rokiroki hiko me te pākahiko rokiroki i roto i te pūnaha rokiroki hiko. Me whakarite te kaha o te pākahiko kia rite ki te hiahia utu o te waka hiko. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakatau i te kaha o te pākahiko kia rite ki te whakamahinga, te wāhi me te hiahia mākete o te waka hiko. I runga i tēnei, me hoahoa te wā utu me te whai huatanga utu o te waka hiko kia tika.
3). Me whakarite hoki e te teihana utu whakauru rokiroki whatu me te utu ngā taputapu rerekē o te teihana utu i runga i te āhua tika.
I te hanganga o te teihana utu whakauru, me ngana ki te whiriwhiri i te kounga pai, te mahi pumau o ngā taputapu kia kore ai e rahua ngā taputapu, kia pāngia ai hoki te mahi noa o te teihana utu.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakahaere atamai o te rokiroki whatu me te teihana utu whakauru mā te whakapai ake i te taumata atamai o te teihana utu.
4). Whai muri i te hanganga o te teihana utu whakauru, me whakahaere te whakaae me te whakamātautau i te teihana:
① Me rite ki ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā paerewa ahumahi kia whakaaetia ai;
② Mēnā kei te tutuki tōna hanganga ki ngā whakaritenga kaupapa here ā-rohe me ngā whakaritenga a te kaiwhakamahi kia whakaaetia;
③ Me whakaaetia mō tana mahi noa. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te whakamātautau ko ēnei e rua: ① Me whakamātautau mēnā kei te tutuki te teihana utu i ngā paerewa utu me ngā tikanga e pā ana; ② Me whakamātautau mēnā kei te tutuki te teihana utu i ngā ture haumaru me ngā paerewa e pā ana.
Whirihoranga kaha puranga utu whakauru me te rokiroki whatu
Ko te wā utu o te waka hiko te mea nui e pāngia ana e te mana me te wā utu o te waka hiko, arā, ko te wā utu o te pākahiko me te wā utu o te rahinga hiko.
Nō reira, me whakatau tata te wā utu i runga i te kaha o te waka hiko. I tēnei wā, kāore he paerewa kotahi mō ngā pou utu i tō tātou whenua, ā, he rerekē te wā utu o ngā pou utu o ngā waitohu rerekē, nō reira ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i ētahi tikanga hei whakatau tata i te wā utu o ngā pou utu. I whakarōpūtia ngā pou utu i runga i te 4H, 12h me te 16h.
E ai ki te tikanga i runga ake nei, ka taea te whakatau tata i te wā utu o te puranga utu, ā, ka taea hoki te whiwhi i te wā utu o te puranga utu me ngā whirihoranga kaha rerekē. I roto i te tohatoha kaha o ngā puranga utu, me whai whakaaro nui hoki tātou ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā kainoho o te taiwhenua me ngā hiahia utu waka hiko.
He rerekē te mana e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taumata ngaohiko rerekē o ngā waka hiko, nō reira, kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te whirihoranga taputapu teihana utu.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko ngā kainoho taiwhenua he 220V me te 110V ngā taumata ngaohiko, nō reira, i te hanganga o ngā teihana utu, me whakauru rātou ki ngā taumata ngaohiko e rite ana mō ngā puranga utu.
Hei tauira, ko te kawanatanga o Anhui, i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko ngā taumata ngaohiko o ngā kāinga noho o te taiwhenua he 10 kv me te 35 kv. Mā te pikinga ake o te mana o ngā waka hiko me te whakaiti i te wā utu, ka heke haere te wā utu toharite.
Kaupapa Rokiroki Whatu Whakauru me te teihana utu
Tātaritanga painga ōhanga
Ko te teihana utu whakauru me ngā momo hiko e 4 ko 120kW, 250KW, 400kW me te 600kW. I kitea ko te reiti whakahoki ā-roto ko 10.24%, ā, ko te wā whakahokinga moni ko 3.65 tau ina ko te mana ko 120kw.
Nā te iti o ngā waka hiko, me te iti hoki o te tono utu i roto i tō tātou whenua, ka taea e tātou te whiriwhiri i te kaupapa iti te kaha hei hanga i te teihana utu whakauru, kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia utu waka hiko o ngā rohe tuawhenua o nāianei.
Te hanganga o te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu whakauru
Ngā uauatanga hangarau me ngā otinga
Me whakatau ngā uauatanga hangarau e whai ake nei kia pai ai te whakawhanaketanga o ngā teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu whakauru i ngā wāhi tuawhenua.
1). Te hoahoa me te hanganga o te pūnaha rokiroki hiko taha-kaiwhakamahi. Ko te hoahoa me te hanganga o te pūnaha rokiroki hiko taha-kaiwhakamahi te mea nui ki te hanganga o te teihana rokiroki me te teihana utu whatu whakauru i ngā wāhi tuawhenua.
2). Te whakahaere tahi i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te pūnaha utu. He mea tika kia whakaarohia katoatia te mahi tahi me te whakahaere i waenga i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te pūnaha utu i te wā e hanga ana i te teihana utu whakauru i ngā rohe taiwhenua. Ko te whakahaere tahi i waenga i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te pūnaha utu e whai wāhi ana ki ngā āhuatanga e rua:
I tētahi taha, ko te mana whakahaere i waenga i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, i tētahi atu taha, ko te mana whakahaere i waenga i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te pūnaha utu.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūmana whakahaere utu me te tukunga, te kaiwhakahaere mana me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakarite i te mana whakahaere i waenga i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
Ina kore e ranea te mana putanga o te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, ka taea te whakakī anō i te mana taikaha ki te teihana utu i te wā e te kaiwhakahaere utu me te tuku, ka taea te whakamahi i te kaiwhakahaere mana hei whakaiti i te kaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, kia kore ai e nui rawa te utu.
Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i te super capacitor hei whakatutuki i te mahi utu o ngā taputapu whakaputa hiko photovoltaic.
3). Rautaki whakahaere hononga whatunga-teihana utu. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ka hua ake te kore pumau o ngā whatunga hiko iti i ngā rohe taiwhenua. Hei whakarite i te haumaru o te whakamahinga hiko i ngā rohe taiwhenua, me whakahaere me te whakahaere i te maha o ngā puna hiko tohatoha i roto i te whatunga hiko e te kaiwhakahaere hononga-whatunga.
I taua wā anō, ka taea te hono i te pūhiko hiko tohatoha ki te whatunga hiko mā te kaitahuri taha-whatunga.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whakamahi te pākahiko, te pūnga hiko nui me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakatutuki i te whakahaere taunga o te tuku hiko tohatoha.
4). Te hoahoa whakahaere tohatoha hiko o te teihana utu. I te nuinga o te wā, ina kore e ranea te kaha rokiroki hiko taha-kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te tāpiri i te hiko taikaha ki te teihana utu mā te kaitahuri rua-aronga, ā, ina ranea te kaha rokiroki hiko taha-kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā super-capacitors hei utu me te tuku i ngā taputapu whakaputa hiko photovoltaic.
5). Te tiaki me te whakahaere i te teihana rokiroki whatu me te teihana utu whakauru. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā āhuatanga e whitu e whai ake nei: ① Te whakatakoto i tētahi mahere mahi pai; ② Te whakapakari i te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi e tika ana; ③ Te tirotiro me te tiaki i ngā taputapu i ia wā; ④ Te whakatū me te whakapai ake i te Pūnaha Whakahaere Mahi o te teihana utu; ⑤ Te whakarite me te whakahaere i ngā mahi whakangungu i ia wā; ⑥ Te whakatū me te whakapai ake i te tikanga whakahaere me te tiaki o te teihana utu; ⑦ Te whakatau i te rahunga o ngā taputapu i te wā tika, me ētahi atu.
E tātarihia ana e tēnei pepa te hangarau me te ōhanga o ngā kaupapa whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te rokiroki pūngao, ā, e whakatau ana he mea taea te hanga i te teihana utu whakauru ki ngā wāhi tuawhenua.
He pai ngā painga ōhanga me te pāpori o tēnei kaupapa, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te whanaketanga o te umanga whakaputa hiko hou i raro i te whāinga "Waro takirua" i Haina. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakaputa hiko hou, ka whānui ake te whakamahinga o te hangarau whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, ka whānui ake hoki te whakamahinga o te hangarau rokiroki hiko.
Nō reira, me whakapiki ake e tō tātou whenua te rangahau mō ngā hangarau whakaputa pūngao hou matatau pērā i te hangarau rokiroki pūngao hou me te hangarau whakaputa hiko photovoltaic hei tautoko i te whanaketanga o te umanga whakaputa hiko pūngao hou.
