Chinangwa chedambudziko remagetsi mashoma uye kuoma kwekuchaja munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, bepa iri rinopa zano rekuvaka nzvimbo yekuchengetera nekuisa nhare dzemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, uye rinopa nzira dzekushandisa zano iri.
Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera magetsi nedzekuchaja dzakabatana mumadhorobha kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemagetsi, uye kunogona kuderedza mari yekudyara uye mari yekushandisa.
Kukosha kwekuvaka nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvemaziso pamwe nenzvimbo yekuchaja
Sezvo huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi huri kuwedzera, kudiwa kwekuchaja kuri kuwedzera. Kana zvikasatarisirwa zvakanaka, zvinozokonzera kutambisa simba remagetsi zvakanyanya mukuchaja kwemotokari dzemagetsi, uye zvozounza kumanikidzwa kukuru kumagetsi edu. Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera optical storage uye kuchaja yakabatanidzwa kunogona kugadzirisa matambudziko ari pamusoro apa zvinobudirira.
Nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatanidzwa inzira itsva yekuchaja, iyo inoshandisa tekinoroji yekugadzira simba remagetsi uye yekuchengetera simba kunzvimbo yekuchaja kuti ipe mhinduro yakanaka yekuchaja mota dzemagetsi.
Munzira iyi, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi e photovoltaic kunogona kutumirwa zvakananga kunzvimbo yekuchaja kuburikidza negrid-connected, uye ipapo nekuchaja bhatiri kunogona kupa magetsi kumotokari dzemagetsi; Tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza simba yakapararira mugrid, kana mushandisi achida kupa magetsi kugrid. Zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo yekuchaja yechinyakare, nzvimbo yekuchaja ye optical storage uye charging integrated inogona kuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi.
Nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana yekuchengetedza nekuchaja yemaziso inogona kuderedza zvinobudirira mutengo wekuchaja kwemagetsi uye mutengo wekushanda panguva yekuchaja mota dzemagetsi.
Pasi pemuenzaniso uyu, maPV nemasisitimu ekuchengetera magetsi acharamba achishanda kusvika magetsi apera pagrid, uye mari inogadzirwa panguva yekuchaja mota dzemagetsi ichavharwa nenzvimbo dzekuchaja dzakasanganiswa.
Kune vashandisi, modhi iyi haingogone kuchengetedza mari chete, asiwo kuderedza zvinobudirira kushandiswa kwesimba. Mukushanda chaiko, nzvimbo yekuchengetera nekuchaja yemaziso inogona kuwana mabhenefiti epamusoro ehupfumi nemagariro evanhu nekuvandudza marongero uye manejimendi ekuronga nguva.
Saka, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana yekuchengetedza nekuisa optical storage imhando itsva yenzvimbo yekuchaja ine mikana yakanaka yekuvandudzwa.
Kuongororwa kwemamiriro aripo pakuvaka grid remagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa
Kuvakwa kwegrid remagetsi munzvimbo dzemaguta
Parizvino, grid yemagetsi yekumaruwa yenyika yedu ichiri muchikamu chechimiro chegrid yemagetsi yechinyakare, kunyanya netambo dzepamusoro, otomatiki yedhizaini yekugovera, digitalization nedzimwe nzira dzemazuva ano dzekushandisa hazvikwani, mataundi mazhinji nemisha ichiri isina magetsi. Kune matambudziko mashanu mukuvakwa kwegrid yemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzenyika yedu.
1). Kuderera kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi ekuparadzira network mumisha nemataundi, kusashanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi ekuparadzira network, uye kushaikwa kwekutarisa nguva chaiyo uye yambiro yekutanga yekushanda kwemagetsi ekuparadzira network, zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro akajairika emagetsi ekuparadzira network mumisha nemataundi.
2). Nharaunda yekugovera tambo yakakura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, izvo zvinoita kuti tambo yekugovera isakwanise kupfupisa nharaunda yekugovera zvinobudirira.
3). Maumbirwo enetwork yekugovera mumamwe maruwa ane dambudziko guru rekukwegura, uye mamwe manetwork ekugovera ane matambudziko akadai sechikamu chidiki checonductor, dhayamita diki yewaya uye kukwegura kwemidziyo.
4). Kune mamwe matambudziko mukugadzirisa kwe reactive power compensation munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, dzakadai sekusakwana kwemidziyo uye reactive power compensation.
5). Makambani emagetsi mune mamwe misha nemataundi haana nzira dzesainzi uye dzakakodzera dzekutarisira, kuronga nekugadzira, uye kuongorora nekufanotaura mashandisirwo emagetsi kudivi remushandisi.
Maumbirwo esimba renzvimbo yeguta
Maumbirwo esimba munzvimbo dzekumaruwa anoratidzwa nekusvibiswa kwakanyanya, kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye kushanda kwakaderera.
Nekukura kuri kuita hupfumi hweChina nekukurumidza, mararamiro evanhu ari kuramba achivandudzwa, kudiwa kwesimba kuri kuwedzerawo, kushandiswa kwesimba rezvisaririra zvakawanda, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Mumakore achangopfuura, chimiro chesimba munzvimbo dzekumaruwa chakavandudzwa uye chakavandudzwa, uye huwandu hwesimba rakachena hwakawedzera zviri pachena.
1). Kukwanisa kutakura zvinhu munzvimbo dzekumaruwa kudiki, uye vagari vekumaruwa vanoshandisa magetsi mashoma uye vanoshandisa midziyo yemagetsi ine simba shoma.
2). Huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi (EVS) mumaruwa huri kuwedzera. EVS inonyanya kutungamirirwa nesimba remagetsi, uye inoshandisa sisitimu yemagetsi kupa simba rekubatsira. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweEVS kuchaita kuti mutoro wemagetsi uwedzere.
3). Maumbirwo emagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa haana musoro. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi mashoma, maumbirwo emagetsi rimwe chete uye kushaikwa kwekuronga nekugadzira kwesainzi uye kwakaringana, zvakaoma kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
4). Kune kuwanda kwakanyanya mumaruwa, mamwe acho ane matambudziko emagetsi mashoma uye kukwegura kwemagetsi, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro akachengeteka uye akagadzikana emagetsi.
Hunhu hwemagetsi enetwork yekugovera munzvimbo yedhorobha
Hunhu hwemagetsi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwevagari vekumaruwa, uye ndeimwe yematambudziko makuru ayo mabhizinesi emagetsi anofanira kugadzirisa. Parizvino, hunhu hwemagetsi enetwork yekugovera magetsi kumaruwa huri kutarisana nezvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera zvedambudziko.
1). Kutsauka kwemagetsi emagetsi ekumaruwa kwakakura, uye voltage yevamwe vashandisi inoita sekutsauka kusingaite.
2). Kusaenzana kwesimba remagetsi emagetsi echikamu chetatu mumimwe misha nemataundi kuri kupfuura mwero wenyika.
3). Kune kusawirirana kwakakomba kwezvikamu zvitatu mu network yekugovera magetsi kumaruwa, izvo zvinotungamira kudambudziko remhando yemagetsi kudivi revashandisi.
Chidzidzo chekuvaka nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvemaziso pamwe nenzvimbo yekuchaja
Kuti kusimudzira hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzekumaruwa zviri nani, hurumende iri kukurudzira zvikuru kuvakwa kwenzvimbo itsva dzekuchaja magetsi. Parizvino, kuchine mamwe matambudziko mukuvakwa kwenzvimbo itsva dzekuchaja magetsi munyika medu, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzakaoma, kushandiswa kushoma kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja, uye kushanda zvishoma kwekuchaja.
Nechinangwa ichi, nyika yedu yakatanga kukurumidzisa kuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi. Kuti tigadzirise dambudziko rekuchaja mota dzemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, nzvimbo yekuchaja yemagetsi inochengeterwa nekuchaja inogona kuvakwa munzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
Nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatanidzwa ine zvikamu zvitatu: sisitimu yekugadzira magetsi emagetsi ezuva nezuva, sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba uye nzvimbo yekuchaja. Mukuvaka, zvinodikanwa kutanga kuvaka sisitimu yekugadzira magetsi ezuva nezuva, uye wozoshandisa sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba kutarisira kuchaja kwemotokari dzemagetsi.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuisa positi yekuchaja yeAC nepositi yekuchaja yeDC panzvimbo yekuchaja kuti zvive nyore kuchaja mota dzemagetsi.
Pamwe chete, kufambira mberi kwehupfumi hwenzvimbo dzekumaruwa kwakaderera, saka mutengo wekuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchengetera magirazi nedzekuchaja dzakabatana wakaderera. Semuenzaniso, dunhu rezvehupfumi reguta riri pakati nepakati munyika, uye kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera magirazi nedzekuchaja dzakabatana kunogona kuwana mabhenefiti akanaka ehupfumi.
1). Guta pacharo rine zviwanikwa zvemwenje zvakakwana uye zviwanikwa zvevhu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere kuvaka nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana yekuchengetera nekuchaja mwenje.
Mukugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvemaziso yakabatana uye yekuchaja, chiteshi chekutanga chinofanira kusarudza zvinhu zvekuvaka zvakakodzera uye chimiro chechimiro, uye wozobatanidza nenzvimbo yenzvimbo nemamiriro ekunze kuti chigadzirwe.
Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anotonhora, chiedza chakakwana, zviwanikwa zvevhu zvakawanda, unogona kusarudza mapaneru emagetsi ekugadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu pamwe nekuchaja.
2). Sisitimu yePV inonyanya kuita basa rekuchaja mota dzemagetsi, ukuwo sisitimu yekuchengetera magetsi ichiita basa rekuchengetedza magetsi. Sisitimu yePV nesisitimu yekuchengetera magetsi zvinofanirwa kubatanidzwa zvine mwero panguva yekuvaka.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kugadzirisa zvine musoro kugona uye huwandu hwebhatiri rekuchengetedza simba uye bhatiri rekuchengetedza muhurongwa hwekuchengetedza simba. Kugona kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nekudiwa kwekuchaja kwemotokari yemagetsi. Kazhinji, kugona kwebhatiri kunogona kutsanangurwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa, nzvimbo uye kudiwa kwemusika kwemotokari yemagetsi. Pachikonzero ichi, nguva yekuchaja uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchaja kwemotokari yemagetsi zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa zvine musoro.
3). Nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana yekuchengetedza nekuchaja inofanirawo kugadzirisa zvine musoro michina yakasiyana-siyana yenzvimbo yekuchaja.
Mukuvaka nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana, vanofanira kuedza kusarudza michina yemhando yepamusoro, yakagadzikana kuti vadzivise kutadza kwemidziyo uye kukanganisa mashandiro akajairika enzvimbo yekuchaja.
Pamusoro pezvo, manejimendi akangwara ekuchengetedza optical uye nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatanidzwa inogona kuwanikwa nekuvandudza mwero wenzvimbo yekuchaja wakangwara.
4). Mushure mekuvakwa kwechiteshi chekuchaja chakabatanidzwa, zvakakosha kuita kugamuchirwa nekuyedzwa kwechiteshi:
① Inofanira kuenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika pamwe nezvinodiwa neindasitiri kuti zvigamuchirwe;
② Kana kuvakwa kwayo kuchienderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo wemunharaunda uye zvinodiwa nemushandisi kuti zvigamuchirwe;
③ Inofanira kugamuchirwa pakushanda kwayo kwakajairika. Kuedza kunosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvinotevera: ① Kana nzvimbo yekuchaja ichitevedzera mitemo yekuchaja uye mitemo yakabatana inofanira kuongororwa; ② Kana nzvimbo yekuchaja ichitevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza uye mitemo yakabatana inofanira kuongororwa.
Kuchengetedzwa kweOptical uye kubhadharisa kwakabatanidzwa kwekugona kuchaja murwi
Nguva yekuchaja yemotokari yemagetsi inonyanya kukanganiswa nemagetsi nenguva yekuchaja yemotokari yemagetsi, kureva kuti, nguva yekuchaja yebhatiri nenguva yekuchaja yehuwandu hwemagetsi.
Saka, zvakakosha kufungidzira nguva yekuchaja zvichienderana nesimba remotokari yemagetsi. Parizvino, hapana mwero wakabatana wekuchaja mapombi munyika medu, uye nguva yekuchaja yemapombi emhando dzakasiyana yakasiyana zvikuru, saka tinogona kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzekufungidzira nguva yekuchaja mapombi. Mapombi ekuchaja akapatsanurwa zvichienderana ne4H, 12h uye 16h zvakateerana.
Zvichienderana nenzira iri pamusoro apa, nguva yekuchaja yemurwi wekuchaja inogona kufungidzirwa, uye nguva yekuchaja yemurwi wekuchaja ine magadzirirwo akasiyana ehukuru inogona kuwanikwa. Mukugoverwa kwehukuru hwemurwi wekuchaja, tinofanirawo kufunga zvizere nezvehunhu hwevagari vekumaruwa uye zvinodiwa pakuchaja mota dzemagetsi.
Magetsi akasiyana emotokari dzemagetsi anoda simba rakasiyana, saka zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemidziyo yekuchaja.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, vagari vekumaruwa vane mazinga emagetsi e220V ne110V, saka mukuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchaja vanofanirwa kuve nemazinga emagetsi anoenderana emapaipi ekuchaja.
Semuenzaniso, dunhu reAnhui, mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, huwandu hwemagetsi edzimba dzekumaruwa hwe10 kv ne35 kv. Nekuwedzera kwesimba remotokari dzemagetsi uye kudzikira kwenguva yekuchaja, avhareji yenguva yekuchaja ichadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.
Purojekiti yeIntegrated Optical Storage uye chiteshi chekuchaja
Kuongorora mabhenefiti ehupfumi
Nzvimbo yekuchaja ine simba remhando ina i120kW, 250KW, 400kW uye 600kW. Zvakaonekwa kuti mwero wekudzoka kwemagetsi mukati i10.24% uye nguva yekubhadhara imakore 3.65 kana simba iri 120kw.
Nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwemotokari dzemagetsi uye kudiwa kwemari shoma munyika medu, tinogona kusarudza chirongwa chidiki chekuvaka nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana, kuitira kusangana nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa dziripo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi.
Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu nechaji yemaziso yakabatanidzwa
Matambudziko ehunyanzvi nemhinduro
Matambudziko anotevera ehunyanzvi anofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera nedzokuchaja dzemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
1). Kugadzira nekugadzira sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba iri padivi pemushandisi. Kugadzira nekugadzira sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba iri padivi pemushandisi ndiyo kiyi yekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera nechaja yemaziso yakabatana munzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
2). Kudzora kwakarongeka kwesimba rekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic uye sisitimu yekuchaja. Zvakakosha kufunga zvizere nezvekubatana uye kutonga pakati pesimba rekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic nesisitimu yekuchaja pakuvaka nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana munzvimbo dzekumaruwa. Kudzora kwakabatana pakati pesimba rekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic nesisitimu yekuchaja kunosanganisira zvinhu zviviri:
Kune rumwe rutivi, ikutonga kwakabatana pakati pesystem yekugadzira simba re photovoltaic nesystem yekuchengetedza simba, kune rumwe rutivi, ikutonga kwakabatana pakati pesystem yekugadzira simba re photovoltaic nesystem yekuchaja.
Chinodzora kuchaja nekuburitsa magetsi, chinodzora magetsi nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinogona kushandiswa kuronga mashandiro ari pakati pesystem yekugadzira magetsi ye photovoltaic uye system yekuchengetedza simba.
Kana simba rekuburitsa simba remagetsi e photovoltaic risina kukwana, simba rakawandisa rinogona kuzadzwazve kunzvimbo yekuchaja nenguva nechaji nekuburitsa simba, chinodzora simba chinogona kushandiswa kuderedza kugona kwekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic, nokudaro kudzivirira kubhadharisa zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, super capacitor inogona kushandiswa kuzadzisa basa rekuchaja kwemidziyo yekugadzira simba re photovoltaic.
3). Nzira yekudzora yakabatana negrid station yekuchaja. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, magrid madiki emagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa anotungamira mukusagadzikana kwakabatana negrid. Kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushandiswa kwegetsi kwakachengeteka munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, huwandu hwakawanda hwegetsi rakaparadzirwa mugrid power rinofanira kudzorwa uye kutarisirwa necontroller yakabatana negrid.
Panguva imwe chete, magetsi anoparadzirwa anogona kubatanidzwa kugrid yemagetsi kuburikidza nechinoshandura grid-side.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kushandisa bhatiri, super capacitor nezvimwe zvishandiso kuti uwane kudzora kwakarongeka kwemagetsi akagoverwa.
4). Dhizaini yekudzora kugoverwa kwesimba renzvimbo yekuchaja. Kazhinji, kana simba rekuchengetedza simba remushandisi risina kukwana, simba rakawandisa rinogona kuwedzerwa kunzvimbo yekuchaja kuburikidza nechinoshandura magetsi chinotenderera, uye kana simba rekuchengetedza simba remushandisi rakakwana, kushandiswa kwema super-capacitors kunogona kushandiswa kuchaja nekuburitsa michina yekugadzira simba re photovoltaic.
5). Kugadziriswa kwekushanda nekutarisira nzvimbo yekuchengetera optical uye nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatanidzwa. Zvikuru, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinomwe zvinotevera: ① Kugadzira hurongwa hwebasa hwakanaka; ② Kusimbisa kudzidziswa kwevashandi vakakodzera; ③ kuongorora nekugadzirisa michina nguva dzose; ④ Kugadzira nekuvandudza nzvimbo yekuchaja Operation Management System; ⑤ Kuronga nekuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekudzidzisa nguva dzose; ⑥ Kugadzira nekuvandudza mashandiro enzvimbo yekuchaja nekugadzirisa; ⑦ Kugadzirisa kutadza kwemidziyo nenguva, nezvimwewo.
Pepa iri rinoongorora tekinoroji uye hupfumi hwemapurojekiti ekugadzira magetsi ezuva nezuva uye ekuchengetera simba, uye rinopa mhedziso yekuti zvinokwanisika kuvaka nzvimbo yekuchaja yakabatana munzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
Chirongwa ichi chine mabhenefiti akanaka ehupfumi nemagariro evanhu, uye chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri itsva yekugadzira simba pasi pechinangwa che "Double carbon" muChina. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiita tekinoroji itsva yekugadzira simba, tekinoroji yekugadzira simba re photovoltaic ichashandiswa zvakanyanya, tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba ichashandiswawo zvakanyanya.
Saka, nyika yedu inofanira kuwedzera tsvakurudzo pamusoro pehunyanzvi hutsva hwekugadzira simba hwakadai sehunyanzvi hutsva hwekuchengetera simba uye tekinoroji yekugadzira simba remagetsi ezuva nezuva kuti ipe rutsigiro rwakawanda mukusimudzira indasitiri itsva yekugadzira simba.
