Iyi nyandiko igamije ibibazo by’amashanyarazi make no gushyashya bigoranye mu byaro, igaragaza ingamba zo kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gushyashya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya optique mu byaro, kandi ikanagaragaza uburyo bufatika bwo gukoresha ingamba.
Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gushyushya umuriro mu mijyi bishobora kunoza cyane imikorere y'amashanyarazi, kandi bigagabanya ikiguzi cy'ishoramari n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere.
Akamaro ko kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gusharija ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
Uko umubare w'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ugenda wiyongera, ni ko icyifuzo cyo gusharija kigenda cyiyongera. Iyo bidacunzwe neza, bizatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitakaza agaciro kenshi mu gihe cyo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, hanyuma bikazana umuvuduko mwinshi ku buryo bwacu bw'amashanyarazi. Kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gusharija hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa optique bishobora gukemura neza ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru.
Iyi sitasiyo yo gusharija ihujwe ni uburyo bushya bwo gusharija, bukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic no kubika ingufu muri sitasiyo yo gusharija kugira ngo butange igisubizo cyiza cyo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Muri ubu buryo, ingufu za photovoltaic zishobora koherezwa mu buryo butaziguye kuri sitasiyo yo gusharija binyuze kuri grid-connected, hanyuma mu gusharija bateri ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi; Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bikwirakwijwe muri grid, iyo umukoresha akeneye gutanga amashanyarazi kuri grid. Ugereranyije na sitasiyo isanzwe yo gusharija, sitasiyo yo gusharija ikoresha optique na charger integrated ishobora kunoza neza imikorere ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
Ahantu ho gushyushya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa optique reservation no charger hashobora kugabanya neza ikiguzi cyo gushyushya amashanyarazi n'ikiguzi cyo gukoresha mu gihe cyo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Muri ubu buryo, PV na sisitemu zo kubika ingufu zizakomeza gukora kugeza igihe amashanyarazi arangiye, kandi umuriro wakozwe mu gihe cyo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi uzishyurwa n'ibiro bishinzwe gusharija bihujwe.
Ku bakoresha, ubu buryo ntibushobora kuzigama ikiguzi gusa, ahubwo bunagabanya neza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Mu mikorere nyayo, ububiko bw'amatara n'aho gusharija bishobora kugera ku nyungu ntarengwa mu bukungu no mu mibereho myiza binyuze mu kunoza imiterere n'imicungire y'igihe.
Bityo rero, twavuga ko ahantu ho gushyushya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa optique storage and charger integrated station ari ubwoko bushya bw'aho gushyushya bufite amahirwe meza yo gutera imbere.
Isesengura ry'uko imirimo yo kubaka amashanyarazi ihagaze ubu mu cyaro
Kubaka amashanyarazi mu turere tw’umujyi
Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi yo mu cyaro mu gihugu cyacu aracyari mu cyiciro cyayo cy’imiterere gakondo y’amashanyarazi, ahanini bitewe n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ikoreshwa hejuru y’amazi, ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi bikoresho bigezweho, imijyi myinshi n’imidugudu iracyafite amashanyarazi. Hari ibibazo bitanu mu iyubakwa ry’amashanyarazi mu byaro by’igihugu cyacu.
1). Urwego ruto rw'imikorere y'imiyoboro y'itumanaho mu midugudu n'imijyi imwe n'imwe, uburyo budatunganye bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'itumanaho, hamwe no kutagira uburyo bwo gukurikirana mu buryo butunguranye no kuburira hakiri kare imikorere y'imiyoboro y'itumanaho, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu y'itumanaho ry'itumanaho mu midugudu n'imijyi.
2). Umwanya wo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa ni munini mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'icyaro, ibyo bigatuma umurongo ukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa udashobora kugabanya neza uburebure bw'umusaruro.
3). Imiterere y'urusobe rw'ibikoresho mu byaro bimwe na bimwe ifite ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusaza, kandi hari n'imiyoboro imwe n'imwe ikwirakwiza ibikoresho ifite ibibazo nko kuba igice gito cy'amashanyarazi, umurambararo muto w'insinga n'ubushaje bw'ibikoresho.
4). Hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu miterere y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’icyaro, nko kuba ibikoresho bidahagije n’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi.
5). Ibigo bitanga amashanyarazi mu midugudu n'imijyi bimwe na bimwe nta buryo bwa siyansi n'ubufatika bwo gucunga, igitekerezo cy'igenamigambi n'igishushanyo mbonera, ndetse n'isesengura n'iteganyagihe ry'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ku ruhande rw'abayakoresha.
Imiterere y'ingufu mu gace k'umujyi
Imiterere y'ingufu mu cyaro irangwa n'umwanda mwinshi, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi n'imikorere idahwitse.
Kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, imibereho y’abaturage ikomeje gutera imbere, igikenewe cy’ingufu nacyo kiriyongera, umubare munini w’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za kera, bigatuma ihumana ry’ibidukikije ryiyongera.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imiterere y'ingufu mu cyaro yaranogejwe kandi ivugururwa, kandi urwego rw'ikoreshwa n'ingano y'ingufu zisukuye byariyongereye cyane.
1). Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo mu byaro ni buke, kandi abatuye mu cyaro bakoresha amashanyarazi make kandi ahanini bakoresha ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi make.
2). Umubare w'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVS) mu cyaro uri kwiyongera. EVS ikoreshwa cyane cyane n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi ikoresha sisitemu y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo itange ingufu z'inyongera. Ukwiyongera k'umubare wa EVS nta kabuza bizatuma umutwaro w'amashanyarazi wiyongera.
3). Imiterere y'amashanyarazi mu cyaro ntabwo ikwiye. Bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rike, imiterere y'amashanyarazi imwe hamwe no kutagira igenamigambi n'igishushanyo mbonera bya siyansi kandi bifatika, biragoye guhaza ibyifuzo by'amashanyarazi mu cyaro.
4). Hari umutwaro mwinshi mu cyaro, bimwe muri byo bifite ibibazo by'amashanyarazi make n'imiyoboro isaza, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza kandi ihamye y'amashanyarazi.
Ireme ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu gace k'umujyi
Ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mibereho y'abatuye icyaro, kandi ni kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi ibigo by'amashanyarazi bigomba gukemura. Muri iki gihe, ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu cyaro buhanganye ahanini n'ibi bintu bitatu bikurikira by'ikibazo.
1). Ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi mu cyaro ni rinini, kandi voltage ya bamwe mu bakoresha isa n'ihindagurika ribi.
2). Igipimo cy’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi mu bice bitatu mu midugudu n’imijyi imwe n’imwe kirenze urugero rw’igihugu.
3). Hari ibintu bikomeye bibangamira uburinganire mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu cyaro, bigatera ikibazo cy'ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi ku ruhande rw'abayakoresha.
Inyigo ku iyubakwa ry'ahantu ho kubika no gusharija ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
Kugira ngo ubukungu bw'icyaro burusheho gutera imbere, leta ishyigikiye cyane iyubakwa ry'ibigo bishya bitanga ingufu. Kuri ubu, haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu iyubakwa ry'ibigo bishya bitanga ingufu mu gihugu cyacu, urugero, aho ibigo bitanga ingufu bigoranye, ikoreshwa rike ry'ibikoresho byo gutanga ingufu, imikorere ike yo gutanga ingufu.
Muri urwo rwego, igihugu cyacu cyatangiye kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’aho gushyurira imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo ikibazo cyo gushyurira imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gikemuke mu cyaro, hashobora kubakwa aho gushyurira imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu cyaro.
Ahantu ho gushyushya ingufu hahujwe hagizwe n'ibice bitatu: sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu n'aho gushyushya ingufu. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, ni ngombwa kubanza kubaka sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, hanyuma ugakoresha sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugira ngo ucunge uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu mu binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi.
Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho aho AC charger na DC charger muri station yo charger kugira ngo byorohereze charger y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Muri rusange, urwego rw'iterambere ry'ubukungu mu cyaro ruri hasi, bityo ikiguzi cyo kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gushyushya umuriro ni gito. Dufashe urugero rw'umujyi, urwego rw'ubukungu rw'umujyi ruri ku rwego rwo hagati mu gihugu, kandi kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gushyushya umuriro bishobora kuzana inyungu nziza mu bukungu.
1). Umujyi ubwawo ufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutanga urumuri n'ubutaka, bishobora gukoreshwa byuzuye mu kubaka ahantu ho gushyira amafaranga y'urumuri hamwe n'aho kuyabika no kuyashyuza.
Mu gushushanya ahantu ho kubika no gushyushya ibikoresho, hagomba kubanza guhitamo ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bikwiye n'imiterere y'inyubako, hanyuma bigahuzwa n'aho uherereye n'imiterere y'ikirere kugira ngo hakorwe igishushanyo mbonera.
Urugero, umujyi kubera ubukonje, urumuri ruhagije, ubutaka bufite umutungo mwinshi, ushobora guhitamo paneli za photovoltaic kugira ngo wubake ahantu ho kubika no gusharija.
2). Sisitemu ya PV ishinzwe cyane cyane gusharija ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, mu gihe sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ari yo ishinzwe kubika amashanyarazi. Sisitemu ya PV n'iyindi sisitemu yo kubika ingufu bigomba guhuzwa mu buryo bukwiye mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi.
Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho ubushobozi n'ingano ya bateri yo kubika ingufu n'iy'ububiko muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. Ubushobozi bwa bateri bugomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi. Muri rusange, ubushobozi bwa bateri bushobora kugenwa hakurikijwe uko imodoka ikoreshwa, aho iherereye n'ibyo isoko ry'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi risaba. Muri urwo rwego, igihe cyo gushyushya n'ubushobozi bwo gushyushya imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi bigomba gutegurwa mu buryo bukwiye.
3). Ahantu ho gushyushya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa optique na charger na ho hagomba gushyiraho neza ibikoresho bitandukanye by'aho hantu ho gushyushya.
Mu kubaka sitasiyo yo gushyushya ibikoresho, hagomba kugerageza guhitamo imikorere myiza kandi ihamye y'ibikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byangirika kandi bigire ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y'iyi sitasiyo yo gushyushya ibikoresho.
Byongeye kandi, imicungire y’ubwenge y’ububiko bw’amatara n’ahantu ho gushyushya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa “charging station” ishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu kunoza urwego rw’ubwenge rw’aho gushyushya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa “smart station”.
4). Nyuma yo kubaka sitasiyo yo gushyushyamo umuriro, ni ngombwa gukora ibikorwa byo kwakira no kugerageza sitasiyo:
① Igomba kuba ijyanye n'amahame y'igihugu n'amahame y'inganda kugira ngo yemerwe;
② Niba imiterere yayo ijyanye n'ibisabwa na politiki y'aho iherereye n'ibisabwa n'abayikoresha kugira ngo yemerwe;
③ Igomba kwemerwa mu mikorere yayo isanzwe. Imikorere y'igerageza ikubiyemo ahanini ibintu bibiri bikurikira: ① Niba aho gushyurira hakurikije amahame agenga gusharija n'amahame ajyanye nayo bigomba kugeragezwa; ② Niba aho gushyurira hakurikije amabwiriza agenga umutekano n'amahame ajyanye nayo bigomba kugeragezwa.
Uburyo bwo kubika no gusharija buhuriweho bwo gushyushya ibintu
Igihe cyo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kigizwe ahanini n'ingufu n'igihe cyo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga igihe cyo gushyushya batiri n'igihe cyo gushyushya ingano y'amashanyarazi.
Bityo rero, ni ngombwa gupima igihe cyo gushyushya hakurikijwe imbaraga z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Muri iki gihe, nta gipimo ngenderwaho gihuriweho cyo gushyushya imigozi mu gihugu cyacu, kandi igihe cyo gushyushya imigozi y'ibirango bitandukanye kiratandukanye cyane, bityo dushobora gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gupima igihe cyo gushyushya imigozi. Imigozi yo gushyushya yashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe amasaha 4, amasaha 12 na 16.
Dukurikije uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, igihe cyo gushyushya cy’ikirundo cyo gushyushya gishobora kugereranywa, kandi igihe cyo gushyushya cy’ikirundo cyo gushyushya gifite ubushobozi butandukanye gishobora kuboneka. Mu gutanga ubushobozi bwo gushyushya, tugomba no gusuzuma byimazeyo imiterere y’abatuye mu cyaro n’ibyo imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikenera.
Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bifite urwego rw'amashanyarazi bitandukanye bisaba imbaraga zitandukanye, bityo hakurikijwe ibyo ibikoresho byo mu cyumba cyo gusharija bikenewe.
Mu bihe bisanzwe, abaturage bo mu cyaro bafite urwego rw'amashanyarazi rwa 220V na 110V, bityo mu kubaka ahantu ho gushyushya, bagomba kugira urwego rw'amashanyarazi rujyanye n'imirongo yo gushyushya.
Dufate urugero rw'intara ya Anhui, mu bihe bisanzwe, urugero rw'amashanyarazi yo mu cyaro rwa kv 10 na kv 35. Uko ingufu z'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ziyongera no kugabanuka kw'igihe cyo gushyushya, igihe mpuzandengo cyo gushyushya kizajya kigabanuka buhoro buhoro.
Umushinga wo kubika no gushyushya ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya Optical Storage
Isesengura ry'inyungu mu bukungu
Sitasiyo yo gusharija ifite ubwoko bune bw'ingufu ni 120kW, 250KW, 400kW na 600kW. Byagaragaye ko igipimo cy'inyungu imbere ari 10.24% naho igihe cyo kwishyura kikaba imyaka 3.65 iyo ingufu ari 120kw.
Bitewe n'umubare muto w'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ubukene bw'ingufu mu gihugu cyacu, dushobora guhitamo umushinga w'ubushobozi buke bwo kubaka sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ihuriweho, kugira ngo duhuze n'ibyaro bikenewe mu gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ubu.
Kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gusharija ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
Ingorane za tekiniki n'ibisubizo
Ingorane zikurikira za tekiniki zigomba gukemurwa kugira ngo hakomeze guteza imbere ahantu ho kubika no gusharija ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi mu cyaro.
1). Igishushanyo n'iyubakwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ku ruhande rw'umukoresha. Igishushanyo n'iyubakwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ku ruhande rw'umukoresha ni ingenzi mu kubaka sitasiyo y'ububiko bw'amashanyarazi n'iy'amashanyarazi mu cyaro.
2). Igenzura rihuriweho rya sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic na sisitemu yo gusharija. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma byimazeyo imikoranire n'igenzura hagati ya sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic na sisitemu yo gusharija mu gihe cyo kubaka sitasiyo yo gutanga ingufu mu cyaro. Igenzura rihuriweho hagati ya sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic na sisitemu yo gusharija rigizwe ahanini n'ibintu bibiri:
Ku ruhande rumwe, ni uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuriweho hagati ya sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu za photovoltaic na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, ku rundi ruhande, ni uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuriweho hagati ya sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu za photovoltaic na sisitemu yo gusharija.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi n'ibisohoka, uburyo bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi hagati ya sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu ikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu.
Iyo imbaraga zisohoka za sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic zidahagije, ingufu zirenze zishobora kongerwa ku gice cyo gusharija ku gihe n'icyuma gipima no gusohora umuriro, icyuma gipima amashanyarazi gishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, bityo hirindwa ko amashanyarazi arenze urugero.
Byongeye kandi, super capacitor ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugera ku musaruro w'ibikoresho bitanga ingufu za photovoltaic.
3). Ingamba zo kugenzura amashanyarazi ahujwe na sitasiyo yo gusharija. Mu bihe bisanzwe, imiyoboro mito y'amashanyarazi mu cyaro ituma habaho kudahuzagurika kw'amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gukoresha amashanyarazi mu byaro, umubare munini w'amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa muri iyo miyoboro y'amashanyarazi agomba kugenzurwa no gucungwa n'umugenzuzi uhujwe na grid.
Muri icyo gihe, umuriro ukwirakwizwa ushobora guhuzwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyuze kuri grid-side converter.
Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa gukoresha bateri, super capacitor n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura rihuriweho ry'ingufu zikwirakwizwa.
4). Igishushanyo mbonera cy’igenzura ry’ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi y’aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa. Muri rusange, iyo ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu ku ruhande rw’umukoresha budahagije, ingufu zirenze zishobora kongerwa kuri station yo gusharija binyuze mu cyuma gihindura ingufu mu cyerekezo kibiri, kandi iyo ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu ku ruhande rw’umukoresha buhagije, ikoreshwa rya super-capacitors rishobora gukoreshwa mu gusharija no gusohora ibikoresho bitanga ingufu za photovoltaic.
5). Gutunganya no gucunga ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya bivanze. By'umwihariko, bikubiyemo ibintu birindwi bikurikira: ① Gushyiraho gahunda y'akazi ihamye; ② Gushimangira amahugurwa y'abakozi babishinzwe; ③ kugenzura no kubungabunga ibikoresho buri gihe; ④ Gushyiraho no kunoza sisitemu yo gucunga imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gushyushya; ⑤ Gutegura no gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye by'amahugurwa buri gihe; ⑥ Gushyiraho no kunoza imikorere n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho byo gushyushya; ⑦ Gukemura ikibazo cy'uko ibikoresho byangiritse ku gihe, n'ibindi.
Iyi nyandiko isesengura ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu bw'imishinga yo kubyaza ingufu za photovoltaic no kuzibika, kandi ifata umwanzuro w'uko bishoboka kubaka sitasiyo yo gushyushya umuriro mu byaro.
Iyi gahunda ifite inyungu nziza mu bukungu n'imibereho myiza, kandi yujuje ibisabwa mu iterambere ry'inganda nshya zikora ingufu z'amashanyarazi hakurikijwe intego ya "Karuboni ebyiri" mu Bushinwa. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya rikora ingufu, ikoranabuhanga rikora ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka kuri photovoltaic rizakoreshwa cyane, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu naryo rizakoreshwa cyane.
Bityo rero, igihugu cyacu gikwiye kongera ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rishya rigezweho ryo kubyaza ingufu ingufu nka ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kubika ingufu n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubyaza ingufu ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic kugira ngo habeho inkunga ihagije mu iterambere ry'inganda nshya zibyaza ingufu ingufu.
