Inganda zikoresha ingufu zituruka kuri fotovoltaic (PV) zabaye inkingi ikomeye y’ingenzi kuri Amerika kugira ngo igere ku bwigenge mu bijyanye n’ingufu, guteza imbere imirimo, no gushimangira imbaraga zayo mu bijyanye n’ingufu. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryatangiriye muri Amerika, ukwiyongera kwihuta kw’inganda zikoresha ingufu zituruka kuri PV mu Bushinwa mu myaka makumyabiri ishize kwashyize Amerika mu kaga mu guhangana ku isi. Ariko, Itegeko ryo kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro (IRA) nk’ishingiro ry’uruhererekane rw’ishoramari n’inkunga birimo gutuma inganda zikoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba muri Amerika zigera ku mpinduka zikomeye, bizifasha kongera kuyobora inganda zikoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba ku isi.
Mu 2017, Amerika yari ku mwanya wa 14 gusa mu bushobozi bwo gukora module za PV ku isi, ariko mu 2022, bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'inganda nshya, cyane cyane mu karere k'amajyepfo kari gafite iterambere rinini, Amerika yazamutse igera ku mwanya wa gatatu, irusha Maleziya, Tayilande, Vietnam na Turukiya n'izindi nganda zikora ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe imirasire y’izuba (SEIA) na Wood Mackenzie, inganda zikora imirasire y’izuba muri Amerika zazanye impinduka zikomeye. Alabama, Florida, Ohio na Texas, inganda eshanu nshya kandi zirimo kwaguka, ku buryo ubushobozi bwo gukora module za PV module muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bugera kuri 40GW, mu rwego rwo gukora neza, hafi ya bwose bushobora guhaza ibyifuzo byose by’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba muri Amerika.
Uko uruhererekane rw'inganda za PV muri Amerika ruhagaze
1. Module Georgia, Texas, Washington na Carolina y'Epfo zishora imari ya miliyari z'amadolari mu gukora module za PV.
2.Battery Suniva yongeye gutangiza uruganda rwayo rwa bateri muri Jeworujiya, Carolina y'Epfo, Jeworujiya na Indiana batangaje gahunda nshya zo gukora bateri. Kuri ubu, ubushobozi bwa selile 12GW burimo kubakwa, kandi hamaze kumenyekana ubundi bushobozi bwa 34GW.
3. Inkoni za silicon QCells yubatse uruganda rwa 3.3GW rw'inkoni na wafer muri Jeworujiya, kandi nibura indi sosiyete imwe ifite icyicaro muri Amerika irimo gutegura umushinga ujyanye n'uwo, kimwe na REC Silicon, yatangiye kongera gushora imari mu rwego rwa polysilicon.1 Isosiyete zikora ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imirasire y'izuba muri Arizona, Florida, New Mexico, Texas na Nevada ni zo zicumbikiye abakora ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imirasire y'izuba, ndetse banatangije uruganda rw'icyuma rwa Bethlehem rwari rwafunzwe inyuma ya Pittsburgh.
4. Gutera imigozi muri West Virginia na Texas ni ingenzi mu gukora imigozi y'ibyuma bya PV muri Amerika, mu gihe Utah na Illinois bitanga ubwoko bwinshi bwa PV.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, inganda zikora imirasire y'izuba muri Amerika zatangaje ishoramari rya miliyari 36 z'amadolari kandi biteganijwe ko zizatanga akazi k'inganda zisaga 44.000. Ubu, inganda 67 nshya zikora PV n'ububiko bw'ingufu zirakora, mu gihe izindi 48 zirimo kubakwa. Uko icyifuzo cy'ubushobozi bw'ingufu z'izuba ziyongera, ubushobozi bw'inganda buzatangira gukora kandi uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ruzagenda rutera imbere buhoro buhoro. Bamwe mu bakora inganda bamaze gushinga inganda mu ntara nyinshi cyangwa imijyi, kandi Amerika imaze kugira ubushobozi bwo gukora uruhererekane rw'inganda zose, kuva kuri silikoni, utunyangingo na module kugeza kuri inverters, trackers na racking.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe ihindagurika ry’ikirere (SEIA) ryavuze ko riri mu biganiro n’amasosiyete menshi kandi ko biteguye gutangiza icyiciro gikurikira cyo gukora imirasire y’izuba mu gihugu. Bitewe na politiki ya Amerika, ibi bishobora guhinduka urugero rwiza cyane rwo gusubiza inganda mu mahanga mu mateka. Ariko, ku masosiyete y’Abashinwa, ishoramari rihanitse n’ibiciro by’imicungire ndetse no kwiyongera kw’irushanwa mu nganda zikora mu gihugu muri Amerika, bizazana igitutu cyo kugabanuka kw’isoko n’imbogamizi ku kwinjira, icyahoze ari "imbere" cyangwa kizahindurwa "inyuma".
