Imboni ye-photovoltaic (PV) isibe yinsika ebalulekile yecebo le-US ukuze ifinyelele ukuzimela kwamandla, ikhuthaze ukuqashwa, futhi iqinise ukubusa kwayo kwamandla. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buqale e-US, ukwanda okusheshayo kwemboni ye-PV yaseShayina eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kubeke i-US engozini emncintiswaneni womhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, uMthetho Wokunciphisa Ukwehla Kwamandla Ezinto (i-IRA) wamanje njengomgogodla wochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo ezinkulu zokutshalwa kwezimali nokusekela uholela imboni yelanga yase-US ezinguqukweni ezinkulu, okuyisiza ukuthi iphinde ithole ubuholi bokukhiqiza amandla elanga emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngo-2017, i-US yabekwa endaweni ye-14 kuphela emandleni okukhiqiza amamojula e-PV emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa ngo-2022, ngenxa yokwanda kwamafektri amasha, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiseningizimu sokuchuma, i-US isikhuphukele endaweni yesithathu, yadlula ngempumelelo iMalaysia, iThailand, iVietnam neTurkey kanye nezinye izikhungo zamandla okukhiqiza amandla elanga.
Ngokusho kwe-US Photovoltaic Association (SEIA) kanye nocwaningo lwakamuva lukaWood Mackenzie, imboni yokukhiqiza amandla elanga yase-US ilethe ushintsho olubalulekile. I-Alabama, iFlorida, i-Ohio kanye neTexas, zinezimboni ezinhlanu ezintsha nezikhulayo, kangangokuthi amandla okukhiqiza amamojula e-PV e-United States acishe abe ngu-40GW, asezingeni lokukhiqiza eliphelele, acishe ahlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zamandla elanga zasekhaya zase-US.
Isimo esikhona njengamanje se-US PV industry chain Manufacturing
1. I-Module iGeorgia, iTexas, iWashington neSouth Carolina zitshala izigidigidi zamaRandi ekukhiqizweni kwamamojula e-PV.
2. I-Battery Suniva isiqalile kabusha isitshalo sayo samabhethri eGeorgia, eSouth Carolina, eGeorgia nase-Indiana imemezele izinhlelo ezintsha zokukhiqiza amabhethri. Njengamanje, amandla eseli angu-12GW ayakhiwa, kanti sekumenyezelwe omunye amandla angu-34GW.
3. Izinduku ze-silicon I-QCells yakhe isitshalo se-3.3GW senduku kanye ne-wafer eGeorgia, futhi okungenani enye inkampani ese-US ilungiselela iphrojekthi ehlobene, kanye ne-REC Silicon, eseqalile ukutshala imali kabusha emkhakheni we-polysilicon.1 Ama-Trackers i-Arizona, i-Florida, i-New Mexico, i-Texas kanye ne-Nevada ayikhaya labakhiqizi abaningi be-solar tracker, abaye baqala kabusha isitshalo sensimbi saseBethlehem esivaliwe ngaphandle kwePittsburgh.
4. Ukuqopha izintambo eNtshonalanga Virginia naseTexas kuyizisekelo ezibalulekile zokwenziwa kwezinqwaba zensimbi ze-PV e-US, kuyilapho i-Utah ne-Illinois zikhiqiza uhla olubanzi lwezintambo ze-PV.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, abakhiqizi belanga base-US bamemezele ukutshalwa kwezimali okungu-$36 billion futhi kulindeleke ukuthi badale imisebenzi yokukhiqiza engaphezu kuka-44,000. Njengamanje, izimboni ezintsha zokukhiqiza i-PV kanye nezindawo zokugcina amandla ezingu-67 ziyasebenza, kanti ezinye ezingu-48 zisakhiwa. Njengoba isidingo samandla elanga afakiwe sikhula, amandla okukhiqiza engeziwe azosebenza futhi uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka luzothuthuka kancane kancane. Abanye abakhiqizi sebevele bamise amafektri ezifundazweni noma emadolobheni amaningi, kanti i-US isivele inawo amandla okukhiqiza kulo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni, kusukela ku-silicon, amaseli namamojula kuya kuma-inverter, ama-tracker kanye nama-racking.
I-US Photovoltaic Association (SEIA) ikhulume ngokuthi isezingxoxweni nezinkampani eziningi futhi ikulungele ukuqala isigaba esilandelayo sokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga ekhaya. Iqhutshwa yizinqubomgomo zase-US, lokhu kungaba yisibonelo esiphumelele kakhulu sokubuyiselwa kwemikhiqizo emlandweni. Kodwa-ke, ezinkampanini zaseShayina, izindleko eziphezulu zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuphathwa kanye nokuqina komncintiswano embonini yokukhiqiza yasekhaya yase-US, kuzoletha ingcindezi yokuncipha kwesabelo semakethe kanye nezithiyo zokungena, "umqulu wangaphakathi" wangaphambili noma uzoguqulwa ube "umqulu wangaphandle".
