Choyamba. Zoyambitsa Kukula kwa Msika wa PV ku US ndi Mavuto
Kuyambira mu 2013, mitengo ya PV kWh ya US yakhala yotsika kuposa malasha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa magwero otsika mtengo amagetsi. Komabe, ma PV installations akumana ndi kukula koipa kawiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, kokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa mfundo za ngongole za misonkho ya ITC ndi kusintha kwa mfundo zotumizira zinthu ku China motsatana. Mafakitale okhazikika pansi ndiye njira yayikulu yokhazikitsira ma PV ku US, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale 60-70% ya zonse. M'magawo aposachedwa, ma PV installations okhala m'nyumba akhala akukakamizidwa ndi kukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja mochedwa komanso kusintha kwa mfundo za boma. Ngakhale kuti pali chiwongola dzanja chokwera, mafakitale okhazikika pansi ku US awonetsa phindu labwino, makamaka chifukwa cha thandizo la mfundo zothandizira za ITC. Zikuyembekezeka kuti ma PV installations apitiliza kukula mtsogolo ndi chiwongola dzanja chotsika komanso kupitiliza kwa mfundo za ITC. Ma photovoltaic installations aku US akhala ndi gawo lalikulu, koma akadali otsika kwambiri kuposa gawo la mphamvu zakale mu kapangidwe ka mphamvu zakomweko. Ndondomeko yatsopano ya boma la Biden ikukulitsa kwambiri chiŵerengero cha thandizo la ITC, chifukwa kukula kwa mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa ndi photovoltaic kumapereka chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali. Ndalama zomwe polojekitiyi ikupereka panopa ndi zokwanira, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi zipitilizabe kukula kwa manambala awiri. IEA yasintha cholinga chatsopano chokhazikitsa magetsi cha chaka cha 2024, chomwe chakhala zaka 24 cha magetsi akuluakulu a PV ku United States (kukula > 1MW1MW) 36.4GW, chomwe chimapanga 58% ya mphamvu yonse yokhazikitsa magetsi mu 2024, mphamvu yatsopano yopangira magetsi ya PV yomwe idayikidwa mu 2023 ndi 18.4GW, 24 Mu 2023, gawo lamagetsi la US lidzakhala ndi 18.4GW ya magetsi atsopano a PV omwe adayikidwa, ndipo cholinga cha 2023 ndi kawiri kuposa ndalama zomwe zidayikidwa mu 2023. Popeza mphamvu zochepa zopangira magetsi m'nyumba komanso ndalama zambiri ku US, zimadalira kwambiri zinthu zotumizidwa kunja. Pofika kumapeto kwa 23, mphamvu zopanga magetsi a m'nyumba za US zinali zochepa kuposa 7GW, ndipo ma module opitilira 2/3 ayenera kudalira zinthu zotumizidwa kunja.
Kachiwiri, momwe dongosolo loperekera magetsi la Southeast Asia lakhudzira mphamvu ya magetsi a PV chifukwa cha zilango ziwiri zobwerera m'mbuyo
US yaika zilango ziwiri zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu pa makampani a PV aku China, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mphamvu zopangira ma PV ku Southeast Asia zikhale zogulitsa zazikulu pamsika wa US. Misonkho yambiri ndi zoletsa pa unyolo woperekera zinthu zopangira ku China zapangitsa makampani kusamutsa mphamvu kupita ku Southeast Asia ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zopangira zakomweko. Komabe, zilango zaposachedwa zitha kubweretsa zoletsa ku Southeast Asia, zomwe zingakhudze kukwera kwa zopereka ndi mitengo pamsika wa US. Kuyika kwa US kwa zilango ziwiri zotsutsana ndi zilango kukuyembekezeka kutsogolera kukwera kwa mtengo wa mphamvu zopangira ma PV ku Southeast Asia, zomwe zikudalirabe mphamvu ya batri ya dera ndi mphamvu zopangira m'mwamba kwakanthawi kochepa. Kufunika kwa nthawi yayitali kuganizira za kumanga mphamvu zopangira zakomweko kuti tipewe zilango, kufufuza kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kuti zikwaniritse zofooka za chitsanzocho komanso kufunikira ndi phindu la fakitale yakomweko yaku US.
Chachitatu, chitukuko cha makampani opanga magetsi a photovoltaic ku US ndi momwe IRA Act imakhudzira
Makampani opanga magetsi a dzuwa ku US panthawi ya boma la Biden adapindula ndi lamulo la IRA, lomwe limakulitsa msonkho wa ITC komanso limapereka zolimbikitsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi kupereka kuti makampaniwa abwererenso. Izi zidapangidwa kuti zithandizire kwambiri chitukuko cha mafakitale am'deralo ndi unyolo wa mafakitale a PV, kuphatikiza ndalama zothandizira kwambiri opanga ma module ndi zinthu zina komanso zolimbikitsa zina zamapulojekiti omwe amakwaniritsa ziŵerengero zina zopangira m'deralo. Kuphatikiza apo, lamuloli likuwonetsa miyezo yantchito ndi zofunikira pakupanga zinthu zam'deralo, zomwe zikulimbikitsa kwambiri momwe zinthu zimachitikira m'makampani a PV, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kulimba m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Chachinayi, ndondomeko yothandizira ya US PV ndi zotsatira zake
Ndondomeko yayikulu yothandizira IR yomwe ikuyendetsedwa ndi United States yayambitsa bwino mabizinesi am'deralo monga First Solar, yomwe yasintha bwino kutayika kukhala phindu ndikupeza phindu lalikulu popempha thandizo. Ndondomekoyi sikuti imangothandiza makampani am'deralo kukonza zachuma zawo kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakukweza phindu lawo lamtsogolo. Pamene kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zopangira zakomweko kukukwera, zikuyembekezeka kuti ndalama zothandizira LA ziwonjezera phindu la makampani monga First Solar. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo ya ma module ikuyembekezeka kukweranso chifukwa cha zovuta zamphamvu, zomwe zimachepetsa nkhawa zakale zokhudza kutsika kwa mitengo kapena kutayika kwa ndalama zolipirira. Makampani aku US PV akukumana ndi zovuta pakupereka silicon, koma akuyembekezeka kusunga ndikuwonjezera mpikisano wake pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi powonjezera mphamvu zopangira zakomweko ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe zilipo zothandizira. Pomaliza, kusanthula kwamalingaliro kukuwonetsa kuti phindu la ma module ophatikizidwa ku Southeast Asia limachepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitengo yobwerera m'mbuyo kawiri, pomwe njira yogwiritsira ntchito mabatire aku US ndi kusonkhana ku Southeast Asia ikadali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza phindu.
Chachisanu, makampani aku China ku United States akukonzekera mavuto ndi mwayi wopanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic
Ndi mphamvu zopanga mabizinesi akunja ndi akunja ku United States, makamaka Atlas ndi LONGi, makampani awiri omwe ali mu kukula kwa zomangamanga ku United States akupitiliza kukula, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kusowa kwa mphamvu zopangira mabatire ndi kufunika kwa kutchuka kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zomanga ndi malire aukadaulo, kapangidwe ka mphamvu zopangira mabatire koyang'ana patsogolo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mabizinesi. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ntchito zakomweko komanso ubale wandale ndi bizinesi amatha kukhazikika bwino ku US ndikubweretsa phindu lochulukirapo. Pakadali pano, amalonda ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zinthu monga mfundo zothandizira, kusintha kwa mitengo, ndi zoopsa za patent kuti amvetsetse bwino mwayi wopeza ndalama.
