Okokuqala. Abaqhubi boKhulo lweMarike ye-PV yaseMelika kunye nemingeni
Ukususela ngo-2013, amaxabiso e-US PV kWh ebephantsi kuneelahle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yemithombo yamandla engabizi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakwa kwe-PV kuye kwafumana amazinga amabini okukhula angathandekiyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, anxulumene notshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ye-ITC kunye notshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokungenisa iimodyuli zaseTshayina, ngokwahlukeneyo. Izityalo ezifakwe emhlabeni zezona ndlela ziphambili zokufakwa kwe-PV e-US, zibiza i-60-70% yetotali iyonke. Kwikota zakutshanje, ukufakwa kwezindlu zokuhlala kuye kwacinezelwa kukunyuka kwenzala kade kunye nohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo othile kurhulumente. Nangona imeko yenzala ephezulu, izityalo ezifakwe emhlabeni zase-US zibonise imbuyekezo entle, ikakhulu ngenxa yenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso ye-ITC. Kulindeleke ukuba ukufakwa kwe-PV kuqhubeke nokukhula kwixesha elizayo ngamazinga enzala aphantsi kunye nokuqhubeka komgaqo-nkqubo we-ITC. Ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic yase-US kuthathe inxalenye ephezulu, kodwa kusengaphantsi kakhulu kwesabelo samandla e-fossil kwisakhiwo samandla asekuhlaleni. Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha karhulumente waseBiden uyandisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wenkxaso ye-ITC, kuba ukukhula komthamo ofakwe kwi-photovoltaic kunika inkxaso yexesha elide. Imali egciniweyo yeprojekthi yangoku yanele, iqikelela ukuba iminyaka emibini ezayo iya kuqhubeka nokugcina izinga lokukhula eliphindwe kabini. I-IEA ihlaziye injongo entsha yokufakelwa kwamandla yonyaka ka-2024, apho iminyaka engama-24 yezityalo zamandla ezinkulu ze-PV eMelika (ubukhulu > 1MW1MW ) 36.4GW, ebalelwa kwi-58% yesikali sokufakelwa kwamandla iyonke yesicwangciso ngo-2024, ukuveliswa kwamandla amatsha e-PV kwicandelo lamandla lase-US okufakwe ngo-2023 yi-18.4GW, 24 Ngo-2023, icandelo lamandla lase-US liya kuba ne-18.4GW yamandla amatsha e-PV afakiweyo, kwaye injongo ka-2023 iphindwe kabini kunemali efakiweyo ngo-2023. Ngenxa yomthamo omncinci wemveliso yasekhaya kunye neendleko eziphezulu e-US, ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungenisweni. Ukusukela ekupheleni kowama-23, umthamo wemveliso yemodyuli yasekhaya yase-US wawungaphantsi kwe-7GW, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-2/3 yeemodyuli kufuneka zixhomekeke ekungenisweni.
Okwesibini, impembelelo yenkqubo yokubonelela nge-PV yaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia phantsi kwesohlwayo esiphindwe kabini
I-US ibeka izigwebo eziphindwe kabini zokuchasa ukulahla inkunkuma kwiinkampani ze-PV zaseTshayina, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni amandla okuvelisa i-PV eMzantsi-mpuma Asia abe ngumthengisi omkhulu kwimarike yase-US. Iirhafu eziphezulu kunye nemiqathango kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngezinto eziluhlaza zaseTshayina zikhuthaze iinkampani ukuba zithuthele amandla ziye kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia kwaye zonyuse amandla okuvelisa asekuhlaleni. Nangona kunjalo, umjikelo wamva nje wezohlwayo unokukhokelela kwimida yomthamo eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwimarike yase-US. Ukubekwa kwe-US kwezahlulelo eziphindwe kabini kumazwe aseMpuma Asia kulindeleke ukuba kukhokelele ekonyukeni kwexabiso lomthamo we-PV eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, okuhlala kuxhomekeke kwibhetri yommandla kunye namandla okuvelisa angaphezulu kwixesha elifutshane. Isidingo sexesha elide sokuqwalasela ukwakhiwa kwamandla okuvelisa asekuhlaleni ukuze kuthintelwe izohlwayo, ukuphonononga ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze kuzaliswe iziphene zemodeli kunye nesidingo kunye nenzuzo yesityalo sasekuhlaleni sase-US.
Okwesithathu, uphuhliso lweshishini le-photovoltaic laseMelika kunye nefuthe loMthetho we-IRA
Ishishini le-photovoltaic laseMelika ngexesha likarhulumente kaBiden laxhamla kwi-IRA Act, eyandisa i-ITC rhafu yetyala kwaye inika izikhuthazo ezinkulu kwicala lokubonelela ukukhuthaza ishishini ukuba libuye. Oku kwenzelwe ukuxhasa ngamandla uphuhliso lwemveliso yasekhaya kunye nekhonkco leshishini le-PV, kubandakanya inkxaso-mali ephezulu yabavelisi beemodyuli kunye nezinto kunye nezikhuthazo ezongezelelweyo kwiiprojekthi ezihlangabezana nomlinganiselo othile wemveliso yasekhaya. Ukongeza, lo mthetho uzisa imigangatho yabasebenzi kunye neemfuno zemveliso yasekhaya, ukhuthaza ngakumbi umkhwa wemveliso yasekhaya kwishishini le-PV, okulindeleke ukuba uqine kwiminyaka ezayo.
Okwesine, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali ye-PV yase-US kunye nempembelelo yayo
Umgaqo-nkqubo omkhulu wenkxaso-mali ye-IR osetyenziswa yi-United States ngoku uye wavuselela ngempumelelo amashishini e-PV asekuhlaleni, afana ne-First Solar, ephumelele ukuguqula ilahleko ibe yinzuzo kwaye yafumana ukukhula okukhulu kwinzuzo ngokufaka izicelo zenkxaso-mali. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo awuncedi nje kuphela iinkampani zasekuhlaleni ukuphucula imeko yazo yezemali kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa ubalulekile ekuphuculeni inzuzo yazo yexesha elizayo. Njengoko inani lamandla emveliso yasekuhlaleni lisanda, kulindeleke ukuba inkxaso-mali ye-LA iya kuphucula ngakumbi inzuzo yeenkampani ezifana ne-First Solar. Ukongeza, amaxabiso eemodyuli kulindeleke ukuba anyuke kwakhona ngenxa yemida yamandla, nto leyo enciphisa iinkxalabo zangaphambili malunga nokuhla kwamaxabiso okanye ukulahlekelwa ziiprimiyamu. Ishishini le-PV lasekhaya lase-US lijongene nemiqobo ekunikezelweni kwe-silicon, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba ligcine kwaye liphucule ukukhuphisana kwalo kwimarike yehlabathi ngokwandisa amandla emveliso yasekuhlaleni kunye nokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso ekhoyo. Okokugqibela, uhlalutyo lovakalelo lubonisa ukuba inzuzo yeemodyuli ezidibeneyo kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia iyancipha phantsi kwempembelelo yereyithi yerhafu ephindwe kabini, ngelixa imodeli yokusebenzisa iibhetri zase-US kunye nokuhlanganiswa kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia isenamandla aphezulu enzuzo.
Okwesihlanu, amashishini aseTshayina eMelika acwangcisa imingeni kunye namathuba okuvelisa i-photovoltaic
Ngenxa yomthamo wemveliso yamashishini angaphakathi nangaphandle kwisakhiwo sase-United States, ingakumbi i-Atlas kunye ne-LONGi, amashishini amabini kwisikali sokwakha sase-United States ayaqhubeka nokukhula, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukunqongophala kwamandla okuvelisa iibhetri kunye nokubaluleka kokugqama ngakumbi. Nangona kukho ubunzima bokwakha kunye nemida yobugcisa, uyilo olujonge phambili lomthamo wemveliso yeebhetri lubalulekile kuphuhliso lwexesha elide lwamashishini. Ukongeza, iinkampani ezigxila kwimisebenzi yasekhaya kunye nobudlelwane bezopolitiko kunye noshishino zinokwenzeka ukuba zikhule ngempumelelo e-US kwaye zizise inzuzo engaphezulu eqhubekayo. Okwangoku, abatyali-mali kufuneka banikele ingqalelo esondeleyo kwizinto ezifana nemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali, utshintsho lwerhafu kunye nemingcipheko yelungelo lomenzi ukuze baqonde ngcono amathuba otyalo-mali.
