Tuatahi. Ngā Ārahi me ngā Wero o te Tipu o te Mākete PV o Amerika
Mai i te tau 2013, kua iti iho ngā utu o te PV kWh o Amerika i te waro, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā pūtake hiko iti te utu. Heoi, e rua ngā reiti tipu kino nui kua pā ki ngā tāutanga PV i roto i te tekau tau kua hipa, e pā ana ki ngā huringa o ngā kaupapa here nama taake ITC me ngā huringa o ngā kaupapa here kawemai kōwae a Haina. Ko ngā tipu whenua te momo tāutanga PV matua i te US, e 60-70% o te katoa. I ngā hauwhā tata nei, kua pēhia ngā tāutanga kāinga e ngā pikinga reiti huamoni tōmuri me ngā whakarerekētanga kaupapa here motuhake a te kawanatanga. Ahakoa te taiao reiti huamoni teitei, kua whakaatuhia e ngā tipu whenua o Amerika he hua pai, ko te nuinga nā te tautoko i ngā kaupapa here tautoko ITC. E matapaetia ana ka tipu tonu ngā tāutanga PV a meake nei me ngā reiti huamoni iti me te haere tonu o te kaupapa here ITC. He nui te ōwehenga o ngā tāutanga photovoltaic o Amerika, engari kei raro tonu i te wāhi o te pūngao pūngoi i roto i te hanganga hiko ā-rohe. Ko te kaupapa here hou a te kāwanatanga Biden e whakawhānui ake ana i te ōwehenga tautoko ITC, nā te mea ko te tipu o te kaha tāuta photovoltaic e whakarato ana i te tautoko mō te wā roa. He rawaka te rahui kaupapa o nāianei, e matapae ana ka mau tonu te tere tipu rua-mati mō ngā tau e rua e whai ake nei. I whakahoutia e te IEA te whāinga tāutanga hiko hou ā-tau mō te tau 2024, arā, mō ngā tau 24 o ngā tipu hiko PV nui i te United States (rahi > 1MW1MW) 36.4GW, e 58% o te tauine tāutanga hiko whānui o te mahere i te tau 2024, ko te whakaputanga hiko PV hou o te rāngai hiko o Amerika i tāutahia i te tau 2023 ko 18.4GW, 24 I te tau 2023, ka tāutahia e te rāngai hiko o Amerika he 18.4GW o te hiko PV hou, ā, ko te whāinga mō te tau 2023 he rua te nui o te nui i tāutahia i te tau 2023. I te mea he iti te kaha whakaputa ā-rohe me ngā utu nui i te US, he nui te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai. I te mutunga o te tau 23, he iti iho i te 7GW te kaha whakaputa kōwae ā-rohe o Amerika, ā, neke atu i te 2/3 o ngā kōwae me whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai.
Tuarua, ko te pānga o te pūnaha tuku hiko PV o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti i raro i ngā whiu whakamuri rua
E rua ngā whiu ārai-tuku a te US ki ngā kamupene PV Hainamana, ā, ko te mutunga iho, ko te kaha whakaputa PV i te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia te kaiwhakarato nui ki te mākete o Amerika. Nā ngā taripa teitei me ngā here i runga i te mekameka tuku rauemi mata o Haina kua akiaki i ngā kamupene ki te neke i te kaha ki te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia me te whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa ā-rohe. Heoi, ko te rauna hou o ngā whiu ka arahi pea ki ngā here kaha ki te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia, ka pā pea ki te pikinga o te tuku me te utu i te mākete o Amerika. Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā whiu ārai-rua a te US ki ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Rawhiti e matapaetia ana ka arahi ki te pikinga o te utu o te kaha PV i te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia, e whakawhirinaki tonu ana ki te pākahiko o te rohe me te kaha whakaputa o runga i te wā poto. Me whakaaro ki te wā roa te hanganga o te kaha whakaputa ā-rohe hei karo i ngā whiu, hei tūhura i te whakaurunga o ngā kaweake hei whakakī i ngā ngoikoretanga o te tauira me te hiahia me te hua o te tipu ā-rohe o Amerika.
Tuatoru, te whanaketanga o te umanga photovoltaic o Amerika me te pānga o te Ture IRA
I te wā o te kāwanatanga o Biden, i whai hua te umanga photovoltaic o Amerika i te Ture IRA, e whakawhānui ana i te whiwhinga taake haumitanga ITC, ā, e whakarato ana i ngā whakatenatena nui ki te taha tuku hei whakatairanga i te umanga kia hoki mai. I hangaia tēnei hei tautoko kaha i te whanaketanga o te hanga ā-rohe me te mekameka umanga PV, tae atu ki ngā tautoko nui mō ngā kaihanga kōwae me ngā rauemi me ngā whakatenatena tāpiri mō ngā kaupapa e tutuki ana i ētahi ōwehenga whakaputa ā-rohe. Hei tāpiri, ka whakauruhia e te pire ngā paerewa mahi me ngā whakaritenga hanga ā-rohe, e whakatairanga ana i te ia o te hanga ā-rohe i roto i te umanga PV, e tika ana kia kaha ake i ngā tau e haere ake nei.
Tuawhā, te kaupapa here tautoko PV o te US me tōna pānga
Nā te kaupapa here nui mō te tautoko IR e whakatinanahia ana e te Hononga o Amerika i tēnei wā kua whakahohehia ngā umanga PV ā-rohe, pērā i a First Solar, kua angitu te huri i ngā mate hei hua, ā, kua eke ki te tipu nui o ngā hua mā te tono tautoko. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te kaupapa here i ngā kamupene ā-rohe ki te whakapai ake i ō rātou āhuatanga pūtea i te wā poto, engari he mea nui hoki mō te whakapai ake i ō rātou hua ā-muri. I te pikinga ake o te ōwehenga o te kaha whakaputa ā-rohe, e matapaetia ana ka whakarei ake ngā tautoko LA i te hua o ngā kamupene pērā i a First Solar. Hei tāpiri, e matapaetia ana ka piki anō ngā utu mō ngā kōwae nā ngā herenga kaha, ka whakamama i ngā āwangawanga o mua mō te hekenga o ngā utu, te ngaronga rānei o ngā piremi. Kei te anga atu te umanga PV ā-rohe o Amerika ki ngā arai i roto i te tuku o te silicon, engari e matapaetia ana ka mau tonu me te whakarei ake i tōna whakataetae i te mākete o te ao mā te whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa ā-rohe me te whakamahi i ngā kaupapa here tautoko o nāianei. Hei whakamutunga, e whakaatu ana te tātari aro nui ka heke te hua o ngā kōwae whakauru i te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia i raro i te pānga o te reiti taripa rua-whakamuri, i te mea kei te mau tonu te kaha hua o te tauira o te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko me te huihuinga o Amerika i te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia.
E rima, ko ngā umanga Hainamana i roto i te tahora o te United States o ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga o te kaha whakaputa photovoltaic
I te mea kua whakauruhia te kaha whakaputa a ngā umanga ā-rohe me tāwāhi ki te tahora o te Hononga o Amerika, inā koa ko Atlas me LONGi, e rua ngā umanga i te tauine hanga o te Hononga o Amerika kei te whānui haere tonu, e tohu ana i te korenga o te kaha whakaputa pākahiko me te hiranga o te mea nui. Ahakoa ngā uauatanga hanga me ngā paepae hangarau, he mea nui te tahora whakamua o te kaha whakaputa pākahiko ki te whanaketanga roa o ngā umanga. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā kamupene e arotahi ana ki ngā mahi ā-rohe me ngā whanaungatanga tōrangapū me te pakihi ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka angitu te pakiaka ki te US me te kawe mai i ngā hua nui tonu. I taua wā, me aro nui ngā kaipupuri moni ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā kaupapa here tautoko, ngā huringa taripa me ngā mōrearea patent kia pai ake ai te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga haumi.
