Okokuqala. Abashayeli kanye Nezinselele Zokukhula Kwemakethe ye-PV yase-US
Kusukela ngo-2013, amanani e-US PV kWh abe phansi kunelahle, okwenza kube ngenye yemithombo yamandla engabizi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwe-PV kube namazinga amabili okukhula angemahle eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ahlobene nezinguquko ezinqubweni zesikweletu sentela ye-ITC kanye nezinguquko ezinqubweni zokungenisa imodyuli zaseShayina, ngokulandelana. Izitshalo ezifakwe phansi ziyindlela evelele yokufaka i-PV e-US, ezibalelwa ku-60-70% yenani eliphelele. Ezigabeni zakamuva, ukufakwa kwezindlu zokuhlala kucindezelwe ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo sekwephuzile kanye nokulungiswa kwenqubomgomo ethile kahulumeni. Naphezu kwendawo yezinga lenzalo ephezulu, izitshalo zase-US ezifakwe phansi zibonise imbuyiselo enhle, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo zoxhaso lwe-ITC. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-PV kuzoqhubeka nokukhula esikhathini esizayo ngamanani enzalo aphansi kanye nokuqhubeka kwenqubomgomo ye-ITC. Ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic yase-US kuthathe ingxenye enkulu, kodwa kusengaphansi kakhulu kwesabelo samandla ezinto eziphilayo esakhiweni samandla endawo. Inqubomgomo entsha kahulumeni kaBiden yandisa kakhulu isilinganiso soxhaso lwe-ITC, ngoba ukukhula kwamandla afakiwe e-photovoltaic kunikeza ukwesekwa kwesikhathi eside. Isabelo samanje sephrojekthi sanele, sibikezela ukuthi iminyaka emibili ezayo izoqhubeka nokugcina izinga lokukhula eliphindwe kabili. I-IEA ibuyekeze umgomo wokufakwa kwamandla omusha waminyaka yonke ka-2024, lapho iminyaka engama-24 yezitshalo zamandla ezinkulu ze-PV e-United States (usayizi > 1MW1MW ) 36.4GW, okubalwa u-58% wesilinganiso sokufakwa kwamandla esiphelele sohlelo ngo-2024, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha e-PV emkhakheni wamandla wase-US okufakwe ngo-2023 kungu-18.4GW, 24 Ngo-2023, umkhakha wamandla wase-US uzoba no-18.4GW wamandla amasha e-PV afakiwe, kanti umgomo ka-2023 uphindwe kabili kunenani elifakiwe ngo-2023. Njengoba kunikezwe amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya alinganiselwe kanye nezindleko eziphezulu e-US, ithembele kakhulu ekungenisweni. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-23, amandla okukhiqiza amamojula asekhaya ase-US ayengaphansi kuka-7GW, futhi amamojula angaphezu kuka-2/3 kudingeka athembele ekungenisweni.
Okwesibili, umthelela wohlelo lokuphakelwa kwe-PV lwaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngaphansi kwezijeziso eziphindwe kabili ezibuyela emuva
I-US ibeka izijeziso ezimbili zokulwa nokulahla izimpahla ezinkampanini ze-PV zaseShayina, okuholela ekutheni amandla okukhiqiza i-PV eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia abe ngumhlinzeki omkhulu emakethe yase-US. Izindleko eziphakeme kanye nemikhawulo eketangeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zaseShayina kuye kwashukumisela izinkampani ukuthi zithuthele amandla ziye eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi zandise amandla okukhiqiza endawo. Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo wakamuva wezijeziso ungaholela ekuncipheni kwamandla eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okungathinta ukuphakelwa kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani emakethe yase-US. Ukubekwa kwe-US kwezijeziso ezimbili eziphikisanayo mazwe aseMpumalanga ye-Asia kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekwandeni kwezindleko zamandla e-PV eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuhlala kuncike ebhethrini lesifunda kanye namandla okukhiqiza aphezulu esikhathini esifushane. Isidingo sesikhathi eside sokucabanga ngokwakhiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza endawo ukuze kugwenywe izijeziso, ukuhlola ukuhlanganiswa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kugcwaliswe ukushiyeka kwemodeli kanye nesidingo kanye nenzuzo yesitshalo sendawo sase-US.
Okwesithathu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yase-US kanye nomthelela woMthetho we-IRA
Imboni ye-photovoltaic yase-US ngesikhathi sikahulumeni kaBiden yazuza kuMthetho we-IRA, owandisa isikweletu sentela yokutshalwa kwezimali se-ITC futhi unikeza izikhuthazo ezinkulu zokunikeza ukuze kukhuthazwe imboni ukuthi ibuye. Lokhu kwaklanyelwe ukusekela ngokuqinile intuthuko yokukhiqiza kwendawo kanye nochungechunge lwemboni ye-PV, kufaka phakathi uxhaso oluphezulu lwabakhiqizi be-module nezinto zokwakha kanye nezikhuthazo ezengeziwe zamaphrojekthi ahlangabezana nezilinganiso ezithile zokukhiqiza zendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthethosivivinywa wethula amazinga abasebenzi kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza zendawo, okukhuthaza kakhulu ukuthambekela kokukhiqiza kwendawo embonini ye-PV, okulindeleke ukuthi kuqine eminyakeni ezayo.
Okwesine, inqubomgomo yoxhaso lwe-PV yase-US kanye nomthelela wayo
Inqubomgomo enkulu yoxhaso lwe-IR esetshenziswa yi-United States njengamanje iqalise ngempumelelo amabhizinisi e-PV endawo, njenge-First Solar, ephumelele ukuguqula ukulahlekelwa kube yinzuzo futhi yathola ukukhula okukhulu kwenzuzo ngokufaka izicelo zoxhaso. Le nqubomgomo ayisizi nje kuphela izinkampani zasendaweni ukuthuthukisa isimo sazo sezezimali esikhathini esifushane, kodwa futhi ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inzuzo yazo yesikhathi esizayo. Njengoba isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza endawo sikhula, kulindeleke ukuthi uxhaso lwe-LA luzothuthukisa kakhulu inzuzo yezinkampani ezifana ne-First Solar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani emodyuli kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke futhi ngenxa yemikhawulo yamandla, okunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwangaphambilini mayelana nokwehla kwamanani noma ukulahlekelwa yiprimiyamu. Imboni ye-PV yasekhaya yase-US ibhekene nezingqinamba ekuhlinzekweni kwe-silicon, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi igcine futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwayo emakethe yomhlaba wonke ngokwandisa amandla okukhiqiza endawo nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zoxhaso ezikhona. Okokugcina, ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela kukhombisa ukuthi inzuzo yamamojula ahlanganisiwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia iyehla ngaphansi komthelela wesilinganiso sentela esiphindwe kabili, kuyilapho imodeli yokusebenzisa amabhethri ase-US kanye nokuhlanganiswa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia isenamandla aphezulu enzuzo.
Okwesihlanu, ukuhlelwa kwezinselele namathuba okukhiqiza i-photovoltaic emabhizinisini aseShayina e-United States kanye namabhizinisi aseShayina
Njengoba amandla okukhiqiza amabhizinisi angaphakathi nangaphandle ahlanganisiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-United States, ikakhulukazi i-Atlas ne-LONGi, amabhizinisi amabili esikalini sokwakha sase-United States ayaqhubeka nokukhula, okubonisa ukuthi ukushoda kwamandla okukhiqiza amabhethri kanye nokubaluleka kokugqama okuqhubekayo. Naphezu kobunzima bokwakha kanye nemingcele yobuchwepheshe, ukwakheka okubheke phambili kwamandla okukhiqiza amabhethri kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside kwamabhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezigxile ekusebenzeni kwendawo kanye nobudlelwano bezepolitiki kanye nebhizinisi cishe zizoqala ngempumelelo e-US futhi zilethe inzuzo eyengeziwe eqhubekayo. Okwamanje, abatshalizimali kufanele banake kakhulu izici ezifana nezinqubomgomo zoxhaso, izinguquko zentela kanye nezingozi zelungelo lobunikazi ukuze baqonde kangcono amathuba okutshala imali.
