Chekutanga. Zvinokonzera Kukura Kwemusika wePV muUS uye Matambudziko
Kubva muna 2013, mitengo yeUS PV kWh yave yakaderera pane yemarasha, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemagetsi asingadhuri. Zvisinei, kuiswa kwePV kwakasangana nekukura kwakashata kaviri mumakore gumi apfuura, zvine chekuita nekuchinja kwemitemo yechikwereti chemitero yeITC uye shanduko mumitemo yekutenga mamodule eChina, zvichiteerana. Midziyo yakamiswa pasi ndiyo nzira huru yekuisa PV muUS, ichisvika 60-70% yehuwandu hwese. Muzvikamu zvichangobva kupfuura, kuiswa kwedzimba kwakamanikidzwa nekukwira kwemitengo yemubereko kunonoka uye kugadziriswa kwemitemo yehurumende. Pasinei nemamiriro ekunze emubereko wakakwira, midziyo yakamiswa pasi yeUS yakaratidza kudzoka kwakanaka, kunyanya nekuda kwerutsigiro rwemitemo yerubatsiro rweITC. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kuiswa kwePV kucharamba kuchikura mune ramangwana nemitengo yemubereko yakaderera uye kuenderera mberi kwemutemo weITC. Kuiswa kwephotovoltaic yeUS kwakatora chikamu chikuru, asi kuchiri pasi pechikamu chesimba refossil muchimiro chemagetsi emunharaunda. Mutemo mutsva wehurumende yaBiden unowedzera zvakanyanya chiyero cherubatsiro rweITC, nekuti kukura kwesimba rakaiswa nephotovoltaic kunopa rutsigiro rwenguva refu. Mari iripo yepurojekiti yakakwana, zvichifanotaura kuti makore maviri anotevera acharamba achikura nenhamba mbiri. IEA yakagadzirisa chinangwa chegore negore che2024 chekuisa magetsi matsva, icho makore makumi maviri nemana ezviteshi zvemagetsi zvePV muUnited States (saizi > 1MW1MW) 36.4GW, zvichireva 58% yehuwandu hwese hwekuisa magetsi echirongwa muna 2024, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi matsva ePV muchikamu chemagetsi cheUS chakaiswa muna 2023 i18.4GW, 24 Muna 2023, chikamu chemagetsi cheUS chichava ne18.4GW yemagetsi matsva ePV akaiswa, uye chinangwa cha2023 chakapetwa kaviri pane chakaiswa muna 2023. Zvichienderana nekukwanisa kushoma kwekugadzira magetsi emuno uye mitengo yakakwira muUS, inovimba zvakanyanya nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Pakupera kwa23, kugona kwekugadzira magetsi emuno eUS kwaive kushoma pane 7GW, uye anopfuura 2/3 emamodules anofanira kuvimba nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Chechipiri, kukanganisa kwehurongwa hwekupa magetsi eSoutheast Asia pasi pezvirango zviviri zvinodzoserwa shure
US yaisa zvirango zviviri zvekurambidza kurasirwa kwemafuta kubva kuChina, zvichikonzera kuti kugona kwekugadzira maPV kuSoutheast Asia kuve mutengesi mukuru kumusika weUS. Mitero yakakwira uye zvirambidzo pakutengeserana kwezvinhu zveChina zvakaita kuti makambani atamire kugona kwavo kuSoutheast Asia uye awedzere kugona kwekugadzira kwemuno. Zvisinei, zvirango zvazvino zvinogona kukonzera kushomeka kwesimba muSoutheast Asia, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuwedzera kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa mumusika weUS. Kuiswa kweUS kwezvirango zviviri zvinorambidza kurasirwa kwemafuta kubva kuEast Asia kunotarisirwa kutungamira kukuwedzera kwemutengo wesimba rePV kuSoutheast Asia, iro richiri kutsamira pabhatiri remudunhu uye kugona kwekugadzira kwemuno munguva pfupi. Kudiwa kwenguva refu kwekufunga nezvekuvakwa kwesimba rekugadzira remuno kuti tidzivise zvirango, kuongorora kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuti zvizadzise zvikanganiso zvemuenzaniso uye kudiwa uye purofiti yefekitori yemuno yeUS.
Chechitatu, kukura kweindasitiri yeUS photovoltaic uye kukanganisa kweIRA Act
Indasitiri yemagetsi ezuva nezuva yeUS panguva yehurumende yaBiden yakabatsirwa nemutemo weIRA, uyo unowedzera mutero weITC wekudyara uye unopa zvinokurudzira zvakawanda zvekusimudzira indasitiri kuti idzoke. Izvi zvakagadzirirwa kutsigira zvakanyanya kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemuno uye cheni yeindasitiri yePV, kusanganisira rubatsiro rwakawanda rwevagadziri vemamodule nezvinhu uye zvinokurudzira zvekuwedzera kumapurojekiti anosangana nezvimwe zviyero zvekugadzira zvemuno. Pamusoro pezvo, bhiri iri rinopa mitemo yevashandi nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvemuno, zvichisimudzira zvakanyanya maitiro ekugadzira zvemuno muindasitiri yePV, iyo inotarisirwa kusimba mumakore anotevera.
Chechina, mutemo weUS PV subsidy uye mhedzisiro yawo
Mutemo mukuru wekutsigira IR uri kushandiswa neUnited States wakabatsira mabhizinesi emo ePV, akadai seFirst Solar, ayo akabudirira kushandura kurasikirwa kuita purofiti uye kuwana kukura kukuru kwepurofiti nekukumbira rubatsiro. Mutemo uyu haungobatsiri makambani emo chete kuvandudza mamiriro avo emari munguva pfupi, asi unokoshawo pakuvandudza purofiti yavo yeramangwana. Sezvo huwandu hwesimba rekugadzira remuno huchiwedzera, zvinotarisirwa kuti rubatsiro rweLA ruchawedzera purofiti yemakambani akadai seFirst Solar. Pamusoro pezvo, mitengo yemamodule inotarisirwa kukwira zvakare nekuda kwekushaikwa kwesimba, zvichideredza kunetseka kwekare nezvekudzikira kwemitengo kana kurasikirwa nemari yemubhadharo. Indasitiri yemo yePV yemuno yeUS inotarisana nematambudziko mukuwanikwa kwesilicon, asi inotarisirwa kuchengetedza nekuwedzera kukwikwidza kwayo mumusika wepasi rose nekuwedzera kugona kwekugadzira kwemuno uye kushandisa marongero aripo erubatsiro. Chekupedzisira, ongororo yekunzwisisa inoratidza kuti purofiti yemamodule akabatanidzwa muSoutheast Asia inoderera pasi pekukanganiswa kwemutengo wekaviri-reverse, nepo muenzaniso wekushandisa mabhatiri eUS nekuunganidza muSoutheast Asia uchiri nekwaniso yepamusoro yepurofiti.
Chishanu, mabhizinesi ekuChina muUnited States anogadzira matambudziko nemikana yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva
Nekukwanisa kwekugadzira mabhizinesi emuno nekunze kwenyika muhurongwa hweUnited States, kunyanya Atlas neLONGi, makambani maviri ari muhuwandu hwekuvaka muUnited States ari kuramba achikura, zvichiratidza kuti kushomeka kwesimba rekugadzira mabheteri uye kukosha kwesimba iri kuri kuramba kuchikura. Pasinei nematambudziko ekuvaka uye zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi, kurongeka kwesimba rekugadzira mabheteri kuri kutarisisa kwakakosha mukukura kwenguva refu kwemabhizinesi. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani anotarisa pakushanda kwemuno uye hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika nebhizinesi ane mukana wekubudirira kudzika midzi muUS uye kuunza purofiti yakawandisa. Panguva iyi, vanoisa mari vanofanira kunyatsoteerera zvinhu zvakaita semitemo yerubatsiro, shanduko yemitero uye njodzi dzepatent kuitira kuti vanzwisise zviri nani mikana yekudyara mari.
