Kuva aho OpenAI yashyize ahagaragara ChatGPT, ikoranabuhanga ritangaje rya AI ryasohotse umwaka ushize, ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bwakomeje gutera imbere, aho abashoramari bakomeye bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga bongera ishoramari ryabo mu irushanwa ry’intwaro zo kubara. Inganda nyinshi zikomeye muri iki gihe zirimo kugura ibikoresho binini bya AI no guteza imbere ibigo by’amakuru bya AI kugira ngo bitoze ibikoresho byabo binini bya AI. Iyi gahunda yose, kuva ku gukora ibikoresho binini kugeza ku myitozo ya nyuma ya AI, isaba imbaraga nyinshi, bityo twizera ko ingufu zizaba ari zo zizaba ubuzima bwa AI mu gihe kizaza.
Dushobora no kubona mu magambo n'ibikorwa by'abayobozi bakuru ba AI. Ishoramari rikomeye rya Sam Altman washinze OpenAI riri mu guhuza ibikorwa bya kirimbuzi; Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Tesla Musk yavuze ko isoko rizava ku "kubura silikoni" rikajya ku "kubura amashanyarazi" mu myaka ibiri, bishobora kubangamira iterambere rya AI. Ibi bishobora kubangamira iterambere rya AI.
Dukurikije amakuru y’ikigo, TSMC ikoresha amashanyarazi arenga miliyari 20 kWh buri mwaka, kandi Deloitte iteganya ko mu 2025, TSMC izaba ifite 12.5% by’ingufu zose zikoreshwa muri Tayiwani, mu Bushinwa. Dufashe amashanyarazi ya Google ari 18.3 TWh mu 2021, ubwo AI yari 10% kugeza 15% by’ingufu zose Google ikoresha, nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa ubushakashatsi bwa AI burundu, ikoreshwa rya Google ry’ingufu za AI rishobora kugera kuri 27.4 TWh, bingana n’ingufu zakoreshejwe muri Irilande mu gihe cy’umwaka wose.
Mu gihugu imbere, Ubushinwa burimo kugabanuka k’inyungu rusange z’abaturage, ibyo bikaba birimo gushyira igitutu ku bukungu. Sisitemu y’ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa ifite umusaruro mwinshi w’ibicuruzwa biri ku rwego rwo hasi n’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa biri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Bityo rero, buhoro buhoro hashyizweho ivugurura ry’ibicuruzwa, umusaruro mushya w’ubuziranenge, n’igitekerezo cy’imikorere ibiri hagati y’imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kugira ngo hatezwe imbere uruhererekane rw’inganda ku nganda zifite agaciro kenshi; inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi n’isuku nke mu kwimukira mu nganda zikoresha karubone nke; kandi, icyarimwe, kugira ngo hashishikarizwe ibigo by’Ubushinwa kujya mu nyanja, inganda zikoresha ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi ni imwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi.
Ibigo by'ingufu by'Ubushinwa bifite inyungu zigaragara. Ikoranabuhanga, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya silikoni ikora neza cyane, inganda zikora module, n'ibindi bice by'ingenzi ku rwego rw'isi, mu gihe inganda zibika ingufu mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu, n'ibindi bice by'ingenzi; ikiguzi, ahanini bitewe n'ingaruka zikomeye, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, n'inyungu ku giciro cy'abakozi. Ibi bifasha ibigo byacu gutanga ibiciro bishimishije no kubona isoko rinini ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, uruhererekane rw'inganda zose ni inyungu ikomeye kuri twe mu kugenda mu nyanja, kuko bituma ibigo byacu bigenzura cyane ibiciro, ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, n'ingendo zo kubitanga. Ubushinwa bwakomeje kuba igihugu gitanga ingufu nyinshi ku isi, buteza imbere sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu zitandukanye kandi zisukuye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, module za PV z'Ubushinwa zari zirenga 75% by'isoko mpuzamahanga, mu gihe selile zari zigize hafi 80% naho silicon wafers zikagera kuri 90%. Nyuma y'amakara, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zasimbuye ingufu z'amazi nk'isoko rya kabiri rikomeye ry'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa.
Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bw'ishoramari, inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'ingufu zagize ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutakaza ingufu mu 2023, aho mu mateka zari nke cyane. Ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga bikomeje kugabanuka, kandi icyifuzo kirimo kwiyongera; muri icyo gihe, igiciro cy'inganda cyageze ku rwego rwo hasi, ubushobozi bw'ibigo byo mu gihugu burimo kwihuta kugira ngo biveho, kandi impungenge z'isoko ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi burenze urugero n'igabanuka ry'inyungu mu gihe kizaza zizagabanuka. Mu buryo busanzwe, inganda nshya z'ingufu ziri hafi kugera hasi mu nganda; intambwe ikurikiraho yitezweho kuzamura urwego rw'inganda, hamwe n'inyungu z'ibigo bikomeye zizamura inyungu nyinshi n'icyizere ku isoko nyuma y'ingaruka za Davis ebyiri.
