Ukususela oko imveliso ye-AI emangalisayo ye-ChatGPT ye-OpenAI yapapashwa kunyaka ophelileyo, i-AI iqhubekile nokuchuma, kunye nababoneleli abakhulu basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe benyusa utyalo-mali lwabo kumdyarho wezixhobo zezibalo. Abavelisi abaninzi abaphambili okwangoku bathenga iitships kwaye baphuhlisa amaziko edatha ye-AI ukuqeqesha iimodeli zabo ezinkulu. Yonke le nkqubo, ukusuka ekuvelisweni kweetships ukuya kuqeqesho lweemodeli ukuya kwisicelo sokugqibela se-AI, ifuna amandla amaninzi, ngoko ke sikholelwa ukuba amandla aya kuba ligazi lobomi le-AI kwixesha elizayo.
Sinokubona nakwingxelo kunye nezenzo zee-CEO ze-AI. Utyalo-mali olukhulu lomntu oluvela kumsunguli we-OpenAI uSam Altman lukwi-nucleus fusion; i-CEO yeTesla uMusk uthe imakethi iya kutshintsha ukusuka "ekusweleni kwe-silicon" ukuya "ekusweleni kombane" kwiminyaka emibini, nto leyo enokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-AI. Oku kunokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-AI.
Ngokwedatha yenkampani, iTSMC itya ngaphezu kwe-20 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zombane ngonyaka, kwaye iDeloitte iqikelela ukuba ngo-2025, iTSMC iya kuba yi-12.5% yamandla asetyenziswayo eTaiwan, eTshayina. Ukuba ithatha amandla asetyenziswa yiGoogle ayi-18.3 TWh ngo-2021, xa i-AI yayiba yi-10% ukuya kwi-15% yamandla asetyenziswa yiGoogle, emva kokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo uphando lwe-AI, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-AI kaGoogle kunokufikelela kwi-27.4 TWh, nto leyo efana namandla asetyenziswa eIreland unyaka wonke.
Kwilizwe lasekhaya, iTshayina ibona ukwehla kwesabelo-mali sabantu, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo kuqoqosho. Inkqubo yokubonelela yaseTshayina inemveliso ezininzi ezikumgangatho ophantsi kunye nokusilela kweemveliso eziphezulu. Ngoko ke beka phambili kancinci kancinci utshintsho kwicala lokubonelela, imveliso entsha esemgangathweni, kunye nengcamango yasekhaya neyehlabathi yomjikelo ophindwe kabini, ukuze kukhuthazwe uthotho lwemizi-mveliso ukuya kumashishini anexabiso eliphezulu; amashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye nongcoliseko ukuya ekufudukeni kwemizi-mveliso eluhlaza enekhabhoni ephantsi; kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, ukukhuthaza amashishini aseTshayina ukuba aye elwandle, ishishini lezixhobo zamandla lelinye lawona manqaku aphambili.
Iinkampani zezixhobo zamandla zaseTshayina zinezibonelelo ezicacileyo. Ubuchwepheshe, ishishini le-photovoltaic kubuchwepheshe bebhetri ye-crystalline ye-silicon esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ukuveliswa kweemodyuli, kunye nezinye iinkalo zenqanaba eliphambili lehlabathi, ngelixa ishishini lokugcina amandla kubuchwepheshe bebhetri, iinkqubo zolawulo lwamandla, kunye nezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo; iindleko, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yesiphumo sesikali, uyilo lwetekhnoloji, kunye neenzuzo zeendleko zabasebenzi. Oku kunceda iinkampani zethu ukuba zibonelele ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kwaye zifumane isabelo esikhulu semarike kwimarike yehlabathi. Ngaphezu koko, uthotho olupheleleyo lwemizi-mveliso luyinzuzo ebalulekileyo kuthi ekuhambeni elwandle, njengoko luvumela amashishini ethu ukuba abe nolawulo olukhulu kulawulo lweendleko, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nomjikelo wokuhambisa. I-China iye yaba ngumvelisi wamandla omkhulu kwihlabathi, iphuhlisa inkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla eyahlukeneyo necocekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimodyuli ze-PV zaseTshayina zibambe ngaphezulu kwe-75% yemarike yehlabathi, ngelixa iiseli zibambe malunga ne-80% kunye nee-silicon wafers malunga ne-90%. Emva kwamalahle, amandla elanga athathe indawo yamandla e-hydro njengomthombo wesibini omkhulu wombane eTshayina.
Ngokuphathelele amandla otyalo-mali, amashishini okugcina amandla elanga kunye ne-energy aye arhoxa kakhulu ngo-2023, nto leyo eyayiphantsi ngokwembali. Uluhlu lweemarike zaphesheya luyaqhubeka nokuncipha, kwaye imfuno iyanda; kwangaxeshanye, ixabiso leshishini lemizi-mveliso sele lifikelele kwinqanaba lalo eliphantsi, amandla agqithisileyo amashishini asekhaya akhawuleza ukuhla, kwaye amaxhala emarike malunga nomthamo ogqithisileyo kunye nokwehla kwenzuzo kwixesha elizayo aya kuncitshiswa. Ukusuka kwimbono ejikelezayo, ishishini elitsha lamandla lisondela ezantsi kushishino; inyathelo elilandelayo kulindeleke ukuba lingenise kwinqanaba lokunyuka kweshishini, kunye neenzuzo zokhuphiswano zeenkampani eziphambili ezizisa ubungakanani benzuzo kunye nokuzithemba kwimarike emva kokubetha kabini kweDavis.
