Selokhu umkhiqizo we-AI omangalisayo we-ChatGPT we-OpenAI washicilelwa ngonyaka odlule, i-AI iqhubekile nokuchuma, kanti abahlinzeki abakhulu basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe bandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo emncintiswaneni wezikhali zezibalo. Abakhiqizi abaningana abakhulu okwamanje bathola ama-chip futhi bathuthukisa izikhungo zedatha ze-AI ukuze baqeqeshe amamodeli abo amakhulu. Yonke inqubo, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwama-chip kuya ekuqeqeshweni kwamamodeli kuya kuhlelo lokusebenza lokugcina lwe-AI, idinga amandla amaningi, ngakho-ke sikholelwa ukuthi amandla azoba yigazi lokuphila le-AI esikhathini esizayo.
Singabona futhi ezitatimendeni nasezenzweni zama-CEO e-AI. Utshalomali olukhulu lomuntu siqu lomsunguli we-OpenAI uSam Altman lusekuhlanganisweni kwenyukliya; i-CEO ye-Tesla uMusk uthe imakethe izoshintsha kusukela "ekusweleni kwe-silicon" iye "ekusweleni kukagesi" eminyakeni emibili, okungenzeka kuphazamise intuthuko ye-AI. Lokhu kungaphazamisa intuthuko ye-AI.
Ngokusho kwedatha yenkampani, i-TSMC isebenzisa ugesi ongaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-20 kWh ngonyaka, kanti i-Deloitte ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2025, i-TSMC izobalelwa ku-12.5% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele eTaiwan, eShayina. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-Google okungu-18.3 TWh ngo-2021, lapho i-AI ibalelwa ku-10% kuya ku-15% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwe-Google, ngemuva kokusebenzisa ngokuphelele usesho lwe-AI, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-AI kwe-Google kungafinyelela ku-27.4 TWh, okulingana namandla asetshenziswa e-Ireland unyaka wonke.
Ezweni lakithi, iShayina ibona inzuzo enciphayo yabantu, okubeka ingcindezi ethile emnothweni. Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kweShayina lunemikhiqizo eminingi esezingeni eliphansi kanye nokuntuleka kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke kancane kancane beka phambili ukuguqulwa kohlangothi lokuphakelwa, umkhiqizo omusha wekhwalithi, kanye nomqondo wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe womjikelezo ophindwe kabili, ukuze kukhuthazwe uchungechunge lwezimboni ezimbonini ezinenani eliphezulu; izimboni ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi kanye nokungcola ziye ekufudukeni kwezimboni ezisebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi eluhlaza; futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi aseShayina ukuthi aye olwandle, imboni yemishini yamandla ingenye yezindawo ezigxile kuzo.
Izinkampani zemishini yamandla zaseShayina zinezinzuzo ezicacile. Ubuchwepheshe, imboni ye-photovoltaic kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-silicon elicwebezelayo elisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamamojula, nezinye izici zezinga eliphambili emhlabeni, kuyilapho imboni yokugcina amandla kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla, nezinye izici zentuthuko ebalulekile; izindleko, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomphumela wesikali, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko zabasebenzi. Lokhu kusiza izinkampani zethu ukuthi zinikeze amanani ancintisanayo futhi zithole isabelo semakethe esikhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni luyinzuzo enkulu kithi ekuhambeni olwandle, njengoba luvumela amabhizinisi ethu ukuthi abe nokulawula okukhulu ekulawulweni kwezindleko, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nomjikelezo wokulethwa. IShayina ibilokhu iba ngumkhiqizi wamandla omkhulu emhlabeni, ithuthukisa uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla oluhlukahlukene noluhlanzekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amamojula e-PV aseShayina aba ngaphezu kuka-75% wemakethe yomhlaba wonke, kuyilapho amaseli abalelwa cishe ku-80% kanye nama-wafer e-silicon abalelwa cishe ku-90%. Ngemuva kwamalahle, amandla elanga athathe indawo yamandla kagesi njengomthombo wesibili omkhulu kagesi waseShayina.
Ngokuphathelene namathuba okutshalwa kwezimali, izimboni zokugcina amandla elanga kanye nezindawo zokugcina amandla zaba nokuhoxa okukhulu ngo-2023, okwakuphansi ngokomlando. Impahla yemakethe yaphesheya iyaqhubeka nokuncipha kwe-polymer, futhi isidingo siyanda; ngesikhathi esifanayo, intengo yeketanga lezimboni isivele ifinyelele eqophelweni layo eliphansi, amandla amaningi ezinkampani zasekhaya ayashesha ukucaca, futhi ukukhathazeka kwemakethe mayelana nomthamo oweqile kanye nokwehla kwenzuzo yesikhathi esizayo kuzoncishiswa. Ngokombono ojikelezayo, imboni entsha yamandla isondela phansi embonini; isinyathelo esilandelayo kulindeleke ukuthi singenise iphuzu lokukhula kwemboni, ngezinzuzo zokuncintisana zezinkampani ezihamba phambili eziletha inani lenzuzo kanye nokuzethemba kwemakethe ngemuva kokushaya kabili kweDavis.
